Abstract
The Pekin duck, bred from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in china, is one of the most famous meat duck species in the world. However, it is more sensitive to heat stress than Muscovy duck, which is believed to have originated in South America. With temperature raising, mortality, laying performance, and meat quality of the Pekin duck are severely affected. This study aims to uncover the temperature-dependent proteins of two duck species using comparative proteomic approach. Duck was cultured under 39°C ± 0.5°C for 1 h, and then immediately returned to 20°C for a 3 h recovery period, the liver proteins were extracted and electrophoresed in two-dimensional mode. After analysis of gel images, 61 differentially expressed proteins were detected, 54 were clearly identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Of the 54 differentially expressed protein spots identified, 7 were found in both species, whereas 47 were species specific (25 in Muscovy duck and 22 in Pekin duck). As is well known, chaperone proteins, such as heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP10, were abundantly up-regulated in both species in response to heat stress. However, we also found that several proteins, such as α-enolase, and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, showed different expression patterns in the 2 duck species. The enriched biological processes were grouped into 3 main categories according to gene ontology analysis: cell death and apoptosis (20.93%), amino acid metabolism (13.95%) and oxidation reduction (20.93%). The mRNA levels of several differentially expressed protein were investigated by real-time RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide insights into the differential expression of proteins following heat stress in ducks and enables better understanding of possible heat stress response mechanisms in animals.
Highlights
Recent climate warming trends are strongly affecting terrestrial biological systems, resulting in changes such as earlier timing of spring events like leaf-unfolding, bird migration and egg-laying, as well as poleward and upward shifts in habitat range for plant and animal species [1]
The results show that the levels of 5 of the 8 identified proteins (14-3-3 protein [spot 5], Heat shock protein 70 9 (HSP70) [spot 9], S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (SAMS1) [spot 16], CAT [spot 24], and Heat shock protein 10 26 (HSP10) [spot 26]) were consistent with their mRNA expression levels (Figure 5)
This study showed that 4 proteins, that is, CAT, SOD, peroxiredoxin 3(PRDX3), and peroxiredoxin 4(PRDX4), are regulated by heat stress, which are related to reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Summary
Recent climate warming trends are strongly affecting terrestrial biological systems, resulting in changes such as earlier timing of spring events like leaf-unfolding, bird migration and egg-laying, as well as poleward and upward shifts in habitat range for plant and animal species [1]. We chose the Pekin duck and Muscovy duck for a comparison of proteomic changes in response to acute heat stress. The former species was bred from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in China, and approximately 95% of duck meat consumed in the world is that of the Pekin duck or duck species derived from Pekin duck [7]. The liver, one of the most vital organs in the body, plays vital roles in the metabolism, digestion and immune defense It has a wide range of functions to energy metabolism, such as glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis, protein metabolism, hormone production, and detoxification.
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