Abstract
Although the available proteomic studies have made it possible to identify and characterize Trichinella stage-specific proteins reacting with infected host-specific antibodies, the vast majority of these studies do not provide any information about changes in the global proteomic serum profile of Trichinella-infested individuals. In view of the above, the present study aimed to examine the protein expression profile of serum obtained at 13 and 60 days postinfection (d.p.i.) from three groups of pigs experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis and from uninfected, control pigs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The comparative proteomic analysis of the T. spiralis group vs. the control group revealed 5 differently expressed spots at both 13 and 60 d.p.i. Experimental infection with T. britovi induced significant expression changes in 3 protein spots at 13 d.p.i. and in 6 protein spots at 60 d.p.i. in comparison with the control group. Paired analyses between the group infected with T. pseudospiralis and the uninfected control group revealed 6 differently changed spots at 13 d.p.i. and 2 differently changed spots at 60 d.p.i. Among these 27 spots, 15 were successfully identified. Depending on the Trichinella species triggering the infection and the time point of serum collection, they were IgM heavy-chain constant region, antithrombin III-precursor, immunoglobulin gamma-chain, clusterin, homeobox protein Mohawk, apolipoprotein E precursor, serum amyloid P-component precursor, Ig lambda chains, complement C3 isoform X1, and apolipoprotein A-I. Our results demonstrate that various Trichinella species and different phases of the invasion produce a distinct, characteristic proteomic pattern in the serum of experimentally infected pigs.
Highlights
Trichinellosis is a serious foodborne parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella.Trichinella parasites complete all stages of development in one host, and two different phases, namely intestinal and muscular, can be observed during infection
Pigs Experimentally Infected with T. spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis
The results for the distribution and intensity of Trichinella larvae infection in muscles of pigs experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis are shown in Table 1 as mean values ± SD for particular experimental groups
Summary
Trichinellosis is a serious foodborne parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella.Trichinella parasites complete all stages of development in one host, and two different phases, namely intestinal (enteral) and muscular (parenteral), can be observed during infection. NBL penetrate intestinal walls, enter blood and lymphatic vessels, and migrate via the circulatory system to striated muscles, where they develop into infective ML. Nurse cell formation includes responses from infected muscle cells through de-differentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and G2 /M cell cycle suspension, as well as responses from satellite cells through activation, proliferation, and differentiation processes [3]. This extraordinary structure supports the growth and development of ML, protects the parasites against the immune mechanisms of the host, and meets the nutritional and metabolic requirements of the larvae. Research data presented by Fröscher et al [4], for instance, showed that live larvae were isolated from a patient with trichinosis even 39 years after infection
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