Abstract

Soil salinity severely threatens land use capability and crop yields worldwide. An analysis of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops. In this study, a combination of physiological characteristics and iTRAQ-based proteomic approaches was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the salt response of suspension cell cultures of halophytic Halogeton glomeratus. These cells showed halophytic growth responses comparable to those of the whole plant. In total, 97 up-regulated proteins and 192 down-regulated proteins were identified as common to both 200 and 400 mM NaCl concentration treatments. Such salinity responsive proteins were mainly involved in energy, carbohydrate metabolism, stress defense, protein metabolism, signal transduction, cell growth, and cytoskeleton metabolism. Effective regulatory protein expression related to energy, stress defense, and carbohydrate metabolism play important roles in the salt-tolerance of H. glomeratus suspension cell cultures. However, known proteins regulating Na+ efflux from the cytoplasm and its compartmentalization into the vacuole did not change significantly under salinity stress suggesting our existing knowledge concerning Na+ extrusion and compartmentalization in halophytes needs to be evaluated further. Such data are discussed in the context of our current understandings of the mechanisms involved in the salinity response of the halophyte, H. glomeratus.

Highlights

  • Soil salinity severely limits robust plant growth and development, as well as the attainment of an adequate crop yield

  • We present a comprehensive proteomic analysis of suspension cell cultures of halophytic H. glomeratus treated with different NaCl concentrations using an iTRAQbased approach

  • To evaluate the effect of ion toxicity on cell viability, we examined suspension cells cultured under different NaCl concentrations

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Summary

Introduction

Soil salinity severely limits robust plant growth and development, as well as the attainment of an adequate crop yield. Soil salinity mainly induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity, important processes that are considered most harmful to plants (Flowers and Colmer, 2008; Munns and Tester, 2008). To survive under salinity stress, plants have evolved sophisticated response and adaptive mechanisms at biochemical, physiological, cellular, and molecular levels (Zhang et al, 2011). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of a salt response and defense in plants will help in the development of crops with salt tolerance (Deinlein et al, 2014; Munns and Gilliham, 2015). We have an extremely limited understanding of the molecular ion transport and regulatory mechanisms activated in plants under salt stress

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