Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant production in acid soils. Wild barley germplasm is rich in genetic diversity and may provide elite genes for crop Al tolerance improvement. The hydroponic-experiments were performed to compare proteomic and transcriptional characteristics of two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes Al- resistant/tolerant XZ16 and Al-sensitive XZ61 as well as Al-resistant cv. Dayton. Results showed that XZ16 had less Al uptake and translocation than XZ61 and Dayton under Al stress. Thirty-five Al-tolerance/resistance-associated proteins were identified and categorized mainly in metabolism, energy, cell growth/division, protein biosynthesis, protein destination/storage, transporter, signal transduction, disease/defense, etc. Among them, 30 were mapped on barley genome, with 16 proteins being exclusively up-regulated by Al stress in XZ16, including 4 proteins (S-adenosylmethionine-synthase 3, ATP synthase beta subunit, triosephosphate isomerase, Bp2A) specifically expressed in XZ16 but not Dayton. The findings highlighted the significance of specific-proteins associated with Al tolerance, and verified Tibetan wild barley as a novel genetic resource for Al tolerance.
Highlights
Ionic aluminum (Al3+), highly toxic to plant growth, is a major factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils [1]
No significant difference between control and 50 or 200 mM Al stressed plants was found in root DW of XZ16, and the whole plant DW of XZ16 and Dayton
The current study showed that Al-tolerant Tibetan wild barley XZ16 is characterized by less Al accumulation both in roots and shoots (Figure 1 and Figure S2)
Summary
Ionic aluminum (Al3+), highly toxic to plant growth, is a major factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils [1]. Al toxicity limits the growth and productivity of barley on acid soils and its expansion as a crop into many agricultural areas in the world [4]. In order to breed barley cultivars tolerant to Al toxicity, it is especially important to identify genetic resources with Al tolerance. We successfully identified Tibetan wild annual barley genotypes with high tolerance to both low pH and Al stress [7]. Their underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms in Al tolerance remain unclear
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