Abstract
The induction of wheat male fertile lines by using the chemical hybridizing agent SQ-1 (CHA-SQ-1) is an effective approach in the utilization of heterosis; however, the molecular basis of male fertility remains unknown. Wheat flag leaves are the initial receptors of CHA-SQ-1 and their membrane structure plays a vital role in response to CHA-SQ-1 stress. To investigate the response of wheat flag leaves to CHA-SQ-1 stress, we compared their quantitative proteomic profiles in the absence and presence of CHA-SQ-1. Our results indicated that wheat flag leaves suffered oxidative stress during CHA-SQ-1 treatments. Leaf O2-, H2O2, and malonaldehyde levels were significantly increased within 10 h after CHA-SQ-1 treatment, while the activities of major antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase were significantly reduced. Proteome profiles of membrane-enriched fraction showed a change in the abundance of a battery of membrane proteins involved in multiple biological processes. These variable proteins mainly impaired photosynthesis, ATP synthesis protein mechanisms and were involved in the response to stress. These results provide an explanation of the relationships between membrane proteomes and anther abortion and the practical application of CHA for hybrid breeding.
Highlights
Membranes are highly organized structures and important components of plant cells
The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, and CAT were measured, and the results showed that activities of all three antioxidant enzymes in wheat flag leaves declined significantly after CHA-SQ-1 treatment when excess ROS was generated (Figure 1B) and this further interfered with the oxidative/antioxidative balance
Wheat flag leaves are an important component of the source-sink unit as they provide sucrose and energy, and initial recipient tissue of CHA-SQ-1
Summary
Membranes are highly organized structures and important components of plant cells. The membrane system of plant cells includes the plasma membrane (PM) and organelle membranes (nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, Golgi membrane, mitochondrial membrane, chloroplast membrane, and lysosomal membrane). Membranes form cellular compartments for performing multiple differential metabolic processes and maintaining organelle homeostasis, but they play a critical role in the exchange of substances and signals (Jaiswal et al, 2012). Lipids and proteins are major components of membranes. Membrane proteins take part in multiple biological reactions such as metabolite and ion exchange, signal transduction, biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and energy generation (Kota and Goshe, 2011; Liu et al, 2011; Takahashi et al, 2013).
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