Comparative physiology of young and old cohorts of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck): mortality, growth, and oxygen consumption

Abstract

The bay scallop Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) undergoes rapid population decline in its second year of life. Pre-(1st-yr) and postreproductive (2nd-yr) bay scallops were held in cages at two sites on Long Island, New York, U.S. Survival, growth, and metabolic rates of the two cohorts were compared monthly throughout the autumn and winter. Second-year scallops, the harvestable crop of the year, maintained a positive energy balance until late November–December. Both age classes experienced similar relative tissue weight losses during overwintering (9–11% at the site where milder environmental conditions prevailed, and 24–25% at the more stressful site). Ambient water temperature explained a significant proportion (93%) of the seasonal variation in the rate of oxygen consumption. Thus the northern bay scallop A.i. irradians shows a limited ability to acclimatise oxygen consumption to seasonal temperature changes over the range of 1–23°C. A significant increase in oxygen uptake was associated with increased gametogenic activity of young scallops in May. Metabolic rate at this time was 50% higher than that predicted based on temperature, providing an estimate of the metabolic cost of reproduction in this species. The weight-normalized oxygen uptake rate of senescent scallops was significantly lower than that of young scallops. Mass natural mortality of the older cohort occurred during the winter, before the onset of a second gametogenesis; only 50% of the population survived beyond late January in 1985. Mortality was delayed by 2.5 months during a similar experiment conducted in 1986. Results of this study suggest that senescent mortality of New York bay scallop populations is not directly linked to the energy drain of a second reproductive event following overwintering stress.