Abstract
(1) Background: Injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are used in several chirurgical practices and in aesthetic medicine. HA filler stability can be enhanced through different cross-linking technologies; one of the most frequently cross-linker used is 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), also present in the HA-BDDE dermal filler family of the company Matex Lab S.p.A. (Brindisi, Italy). Our overview is focused on their characterization, drawing a correlation between matrix structure, rheological and physicochemical properties related to their cross-linking technologies. (2) Methods: Four different injectable HA hydrogels were characterized through optical microscopic examination and rheological behavior investigation. (3) Results: The cross-linked HA dermal fillers showed a fibrous “spiderweb-like” matrix structure and an elastic and solid-like profile. (4) Conclusions: The comparative analysis represents a preliminary characterization of these injectable medical devices in order to identify their best field of application.
Highlights
hyaluronic acid (HA) is a main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), together with collagen and elastin fibers; its main physiological features are the high hydration ability, related to its hydrophilic nature, and the high lubricant ability
HA-based dermal fillers cross-linked with butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and not cross-linked (Matex Lab S.p.A, Brindisi, Italy), in order to better underline and characterize the impact of the crosslinking process on the matrix structure organization and on the rheological behavior
Four hydrogels cross-linked with BDDE and with different HA content (Table 1) were characterized in comparison with an 18-mg/mL not cross-linked HA-based dermal filler
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. HA chains into a three-dimensional netand the biophysical properties of the product transforming the linear HA chains into a work [9] This process, performed according different manufacturing technologies, leads three-dimensional network [9]. This process,toperformed according to different manufacto hydrogels (hydrophilic polymeric network cross-linked via covalent or non-covalent turing technologies, leads to hydrogels (hydrophilic polymeric network cross-linked via bonds) with specific rheological properties and matrix structures [10,11]. HA-based dermal fillers cross-linked with BDDE and not cross-linked (Matex Lab S.p.A, Brindisi, Italy), in order to better underline and characterize the impact of the crosslinking process on the matrix structure organization and on the rheological behavior. Four hydrogels cross-linked with BDDE and with different HA content (Table 1) were characterized in comparison with an 18-mg/mL not cross-linked HA-based dermal filler
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