Comparative Phospho- and Acetyl Proteomics Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications Regulating Intestine Regeneration in Sea Cucumbers.

Lina Sun,Libin Zhang,Chenggang Lin,Hongsheng Yang,Da Huo,Xiaoni Li,Jingchun Sun,Lili Xing

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00836

Abstract

Sea cucumbers exposed to stressful circumstances eviscerate most internal organs, and then regenerate them rapidly under favorable environments. Reversible protein phosphorylation and acetylation are major modifications regulating protein function. Herein, for the first time, we perform quantitative phospho- and acetyl proteomics analyses of intestine regeneration in a sea cucumber species Apostichopus japonicus. We identified 1,862 phosphorylation sites in 1,169 proteins, and 712 acetylation sites in 470 proteins. Of the 147 and 251 proteins differentially modified by phosphorylation and acetylation, respectively, most were related to cytoskeleton biogenesis, protein synthesis and modification, signal recognition and transduction, energy production and conversion, or substance transport and metabolism. Phosphorylation appears to play a more important role in signal recognition and transduction than acetylation, while acetylation is of greater importance in posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones; energy production and conversion; amino acid and lipid transport and metabolism. These results expanded our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of posttranslational modifications in intestine regeneration of sea cucumbers after evisceration.

Highlights

The ability to regenerate viscera is the most dramatic characteristic of sea cucumbers
Thanks to the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, considerable mRNA and microRNA expression profiles related to regeneration of sea cucumbers have been reported, which investigated the regenerative mechanism at the genome-wide scale (Ortiz-Pineda et al, 2009; Sun et al, 2011, 2013a, 2017a,b; Mashanov et al, 2014)
We quantified the dynamic changes in acetylation during intestine regeneration in A. japonicus, and identified 886 acetylation sites in 555 proteins, among which 712 acetylation sites in 470 proteins were quantified (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

The ability to regenerate viscera is the most dramatic characteristic of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers exposed to stressful circumstances eviscerate most internal organs including the digestive tube, the haemal system, and the respiratory trees; and they can restore the lost organs in 20∼100 days when placed in a favorable environment, and regain full functions (García-Arrarás and Greenberg, 2001) This phenomenon has aroused the interest of many researchers who are dedicated to studying mechanisms responsible for the regulation of this phenomenal regenerative capacity (Vickery et al, 2001; Carnevali, 2006; Candia-Carnevali et al, 2009; García-Arrarás and Dolmatov, 2010). Thanks to the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, considerable mRNA and microRNA expression profiles related to regeneration of sea cucumbers have been reported, which investigated the regenerative mechanism at the genome-wide scale (Ortiz-Pineda et al, 2009; Sun et al, 2011, 2013a, 2017a,b; Mashanov et al, 2014) These findings provide comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms of regeneration, and a roadmap for screening and functional analysis of key candidate genes. Despite of this progress, few proteome studies related to sea cucumbers regeneration have been reported (Sun et al, 2017c)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion