Abstract
The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials.
 Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)).
 Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established.
 Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable.
 Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines
Highlights
The genus of Rose belongs to the family Rosaceae and includes from 140 to 400 species that grow in the temperate and subtropical zone of the northern hemisphere [1,2,3]
Fruits of different species of the genus of Rose are used in medicine as a source of vitamin C, the content of which in the raw material ranges from 1 % (R. canina) [5] to 17 % in the fruits of R. rugosa
The plant raw material «Rosa fruit» is used for preparing the multivitamin decoction, drugs "Holosas", "Carotolin", "Echinasal", "Phytodent" and "Rose hip syrup" which are used as choleretic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing agents [6, 12]
Summary
The genus of Rose belongs to the family Rosaceae and includes from 140 to 400 species that grow in the temperate and subtropical zone of the northern hemisphere [1,2,3]. Fruits of different species of the genus of Rose are used in medicine as a source of vitamin C, the content of which in the raw material ranges from 1 % (R. canina) [5] to 17 % in the fruits of R. rugosa. The main active ingredient of fruits are vitamin C and carotenoids [6] The flowers of such species of the genus of Rosa as R. damascene Mill., R. gallica L., R. moschata Herrm., and R. centifolia are sources of essential oil [10]. According to the monograph “Rosa fruitN” of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (2.1) [11] as a plant raw material can be used fruit of R. rugosa, R. majalis, R. acicularis Lindl., R. davurica Pall., R. beggeriana Schrenk., R. fedischenkoana Regel., R. kokanika (Regel) Regel ex Juz., R. canina, R. corymdifera Borkh., R. micraniha Smith., R. psammophila Chrshan., R. tomentosa Smith., R. zangezura P. The fruits are part of the plant collection: “Immunophyte”, “Detoxify”, “Phytocystol”, “Arfazetin”, vitamin collection No 2 and dietary supplements (Vitamin C with rose hips, C-500 With Rose Hips, Rose Hips), which exhibit vitamin, choleretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory effects, improve metabolism and increase hormone synthesis [12]
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