Abstract
This article presents the modeling and simulation of a hybrid generation system, which uses solar energy generation, wind energy, and the regulation of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell to raise the demanded load, empowering the use of these hydride systems worldwide. This generation system was simulated for different locations in Puerto Bolivar (Colombia), Bremen (Germany), Beijing (China), and Texas (USA), for two demand profiles. The data used for the simulation was calculated using the mathematical solar model proposed by Beistow and Campbell for solar radiation. In contrast, for the wind resource evaluation, the Weibull probability distribution was used to calculate the most probable wind speed for each day, according to the historical data for each of the studied locations. Considering these data, the process transfer functions were used for tuning the control parameters for the hydrogen and oxygen production system. For the evaluation of the performance of these controllers, the indices of the absolute value of the error (IAE), the integral of the square of the error (ISE), the integral of the absolute value of the error for time (ITAE), and the integral of the square of the error for time (ITSE) were used. It was found that in the second load profile studied, better performance of the ITSE performance parameter was obtained, with stabilization times lower than those of the first profile.
Highlights
Global energy consumption has increased significantly due to population growth [1]
2016 and 2017, as recorded by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), there was an increase in renewable energy of 2%, which equates to a rise of almost 157 GW in global power generation [8]
proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell cell complemented complemented the the energy energy generation generation provided provided by by by the wind turbine and the solar cell, achieving with these three, the dynamic load required by the the the wind turbine and the solar cell, achieving with these three, the dynamic load required by the wind turbine and the solar cell, achieving with these three, the dynamic load required by the system
Summary
The increase in energy demand has prompted the search for alternatives for energy generation, the development of thermal processes according to the rational use of energy, preservation of the environment [2], and the improvement of thermal efficiency by mean of thermoeconomics modeling [3] and thermoeconomic optimization [4]. The development of new-generation systems using renewable energies has been one of the most widely studied options [5,6] because many countries have developed an energy policy that encourages the generation of environmentally friendly options based on clean-development mechanisms [7]. 2016 and 2017, as recorded by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), there was an increase in renewable energy of 2%, which equates to a rise of almost 157 GW in global power generation [8].
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