Abstract
Doping of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) into polysulfone (PSf) flat sheet membranes was prepared by phase inversion process. The characterizations of the PSf and PSf-MWCNT, PSf-SiO2, PSf-TiO2 and PSf-ZnO membranes were achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, contact angle measurement, dynamic mechanical analyzer, thermo-gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. Vacuum enhanced direct contact membrane distillation unit was used for evaluating the efficacy of prepared membranes in water desalination. Optimizing the operational procedures and water characteristics ensured a high slat rejection of 99.99% using the prepared membranes. The highest permeate flux obtained in the order of MWCNT (41.58)>SiO2 (38.84)>TiO2(35.6)>ZnO (34.42L/m2·h) with optimized concentration of 1.0, 0.5, 0.75, 0.5wt% relative to PSf weight, i.e. 15%. The optimum operational conditions included feed and permeate temperatures 60°C and 20°C, respectively, synthetic NaCl feed water with salinity was 10,000ppm.
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