Abstract
Three formations were chosen in the present study, these are Yamamma, Zubair and Mishrif formations, which are considered the main reservoirs at Zubair oilfield southern Iraq, especially during the Cretaceous period. The studied reservoirs are distinguished by different rocks, facies and environmental specifications. Thirteen wells were selected for the present study these are: Zb-44, Zb-202, Zb-10, Zb-294, Zb-81, Zb-233, Zb-329, Zb-49, Zb-9, Zb-156, Zb-8, Zb-256 and Zb-187. To studying the geochemical parameters of crude oils. Geochemical analysis of crude oil was applied. The results of the isotope analyses indicate that the source rock of oil is a mature marine rock that contains a high percentage of sulfur. The American Petroleum Institute values are ranging from 35-20 indicate medium to light hydrocarbons. The results show that the Kerogen type is type II which is derived from marine algae organism. The burial history indicates that the subsidence is high at the late Jurassic - early Cretaceous period and also at the Miocene, and the slow subsidence during the late Cretaceous and moderate subsidence at the Paleogene. The results of the Vitrinite Reflection and Production Index show that the thermal maturity is happened at the early to the main stage, which was represented at the Zb-44 and Zb-202 wells. The transformation ratio of Zubair and Yamamma formations indicates that the possibility of kerogen to yield oil and gas is high in the future with temperature increasing.
Highlights
The source rocks have been widely adopted by several researchers as methods that can be applied successfully in geochemical analyzes, to estimate and conclude the specifications of the evaluation of these hydrocarbons, such as determining amount of the organic matter with qualityIraqi Geological Journal (2D), 2020: 128-147 and level of maturity
The stable carbon isotope is used to correlate of petroleum, kerogen and bitumen and to determine the source rocks of oil, age, and depositional environments
The results show the CV (Canonical variable) values ranged between -4.09 and -2.10 (Table 3)
Summary
The source rocks have been widely adopted by several researchers as methods that can be applied successfully in geochemical analyzes, to estimate and conclude the specifications of the evaluation of these hydrocarbons, such as determining amount of the organic matter with qualityIraqi Geological Journal (2D), 2020: 128-147 and level of maturity. The source rocks have been widely adopted by several researchers as methods that can be applied successfully in geochemical analyzes, to estimate and conclude the specifications of the evaluation of these hydrocarbons, such as determining amount of the organic matter with quality. The presence of a source rock considers the most important factor that governing in the nature of hydrocarbons. As Demaison and Huizinga (1991) stated, "If there are no rocks carry out of petroleum, all other necessary requirements lose their importance". The Zubair field reservoirs were evaluated with other goals like rock potential, kerogen type, maturity, oil and gas transformation and transformation ratio (TR). Petroleum geochemistry represents important information to study the geochemistry of oil reservoirs and provides the necessary data for the reservoir and petroleum engineers. Petroleum geochemistry represents important information to study the geochemistry of oil reservoirs and provides the necessary data for the reservoir and petroleum engineers. (Al-Ameri et al, 2001) explained that some oils of the Cretaceous formations like
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