Abstract
Abstract The analgesic efficacy of the gabapentin-tramadol combination was compared with meloxicam-tramadol and tramadol perioperative analgesic regimens in cats brought to the clinic for ovariohysterectomy. Thirty adult cats belonging to comparable demographics (age, body weight), were enrolled into a randomized, blinded study after due consent from their owners into four treatment groups. A Gabapentin-Tramadol group (GT-group, n = 10), Meloxicam-Tramadol group (MT-group, n = 10), and a Tramadol group (T-group, n = 10) were formed. Gabapentin capsules at 50 mg were administered orally 2 hours before surgery while the rest received a placebo dose. Tramadol (2 mg/kg, IM) and meloxicam at (0.2 mg/kg, SC) were injected immediately prior to anesthetic premedication. Anesthetic protocol involved premedication with ketamine and xylazine, while anesthesia was induced using propofol. Inhalant isoflurane anesthesia was used to maintain a surgical plane. GT group scored lower on IVAS as well as CPS than MT group, and T group for up to 8 hours after surgery. The mechanical nociceptive threshold remained higher (98±0) for up to 12 hours postoperatively a nd serum cortisol concentrations remained significantly lower during the 24hr period. The addition of gabapentin to the tramadol regimen significantly improved analgesia and mechanical nociceptive threshold than when used on its own.
Highlights
IntroductionOvariohysterectomy results in a significant postoperative pain. Controlling postoperative pain is imperative to prevent needless suffering [1]
In cats, ovariohysterectomy results in a significant postoperative pain
The pulse was significantly elevated in MT group at 1h, 2h, 4h, and 6h time intervals with reference to other treatment groups whereby mean values ranged between 176 beats/ min to 234 beats/min (Table 1)
Summary
Ovariohysterectomy results in a significant postoperative pain. Controlling postoperative pain is imperative to prevent needless suffering [1]. Owing to a myriad of drug interactions, contraindications, side effects and relatively short half-life of desmethyltramadol (4.3h IV), its use as a perioperative analgesic is hampered [7,8,9] To this end, researchers have investigated several multimodal approaches to improve the efficacy of tramadol and counteract the side effects associated with its persistent use [10,11]. Bearing in mind its dual mechanism of action, tramadol is considered an opioid agonist and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) [12] Such versatility in the pharmacodynamics of tramadol has been explained by the presence of two enantiomers which are capable of producing an exaggerated therapeutic effect by forming a racemic mixture [13]. To confound its therapeutic effects the adjuvants must exhibit a different mode of action
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