Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely affects crop yield. Modern high yielding rice genotypes are sensitive to Pi deficiency whereas traditional rice genotypes are naturally compatible with low Pi ecosystems. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance in traditional genotypes remain largely elusive. To delineate the molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance, two contrasting rice genotypes, Dular (low Pi tolerant), and PB1 (low Pi sensitive), have been selected. Comparative morphophysiological, global transcriptome and lipidome analyses of root and shoot tissues of both genotypes grown under Pi deficient and sufficient conditions revealed potential low Pi tolerance mechanisms of the traditional genotype. Most of the genes associated with enhanced internal Pi utilization (phospholipid remobilization) and modulation of root system architecture (RSA) were highly induced in the traditional rice genotype, Dular. Higher reserves of phospholipids and greater accumulation of galactolipids under low Pi in Dular indicated it has more efficient Pi utilization. Furthermore, Dular also maintained greater root growth than PB1 under low Pi, resulting in larger root surface area due to increased lateral root density and root hair length. Genes involved in enhanced low Pi tolerance of the traditional genotype can be exploited to improve the low Pi tolerance of modern high yielding rice cultivars.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is a critical element for plant growth and development
Root length in Dular increased by 33% while Pusa Basmati-1 (PB1) showed an 11% decrease in root length under low Pi (Figure 1A, Table 1)
We identified SNPs and InDels presents between Dular and PB1 in 8135 differentially regulated genes under low Pi conditions using available genome sequence (Mehra et al, 2015; Supplementary Table 13). 75244 genic SNPs and 16400 genic InDels were identified between Dular and PB1; 17739 coding SNPs and 1123 coding InDels were discovered. 5′ UTRs and 3′ UTRs of Dular and PB1 were analyzed for SNPs and InDels which yielded 3978, 9048 SNPs and 1772 and 2455 InDels, respectively
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is a critical element for plant growth and development. It is an essential component of nucleic acids, membrane lipids, and regulates many vital plant physiological processes like photosynthesis and respiration. Phosphate (Pi), an inorganic bioavailable form of phosphorus, is a limiting factor for ∼67% of the world’s cultivable soils (Gilbert, 2009). Modern agriculture relies intensively on high input of Pi-fertilizers to compensate for limited soil Pi. it has been predicted that at the current rate of extraction, global P reserves of rock phosphate will be depleted soon (www.ifdc.org). Less than 20% of the applied Pi is absorbed by plants whilst the remainder forms insoluble complexes and runs-off into water bodies (Ha and Tran, 2013)
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