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Abstract
To understand the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in the genus Odontobutis, the mitogenome of Odontobutis yaluensis was sequenced and compared with those of another four Odontobutis species. Our results displayed similar mitogenome features among species in genome organization, base composition, codon usage, and gene rearrangement. The identical gene rearrangement of trnS-trnL-trnH tRNA cluster observed in mitogenomes of these five closely related freshwater sleepers suggests that this unique gene order is conserved within Odontobutis. Additionally, the present gene order and the positions of associated intergenic spacers of these Odontobutis mitogenomes indicate that this unusual gene rearrangement results from tandem duplication and random loss of large-scale gene regions. Moreover, these mitogenomes exhibit a high level of sequence variation, mainly due to the differences of corresponding intergenic sequences in gene rearrangement regions and the heterogeneity of tandem repeats in the control regions. Phylogenetic analyses support Odontobutis species with shared gene rearrangement forming a monophyletic group, and the interspecific phylogenetic relationships are associated with structural differences among their mitogenomes. The present study contributes to understanding the evolutionary patterns of Odontobutidae species.
Highlights
IntroductionThe vertebrate mitogenomes are usually small circular molecules (16–18 kb) containing
The vertebrate mitogenomes are usually small circular molecules (16–18 kb) containing13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a putative control region (CR) [1,2]
Most gene sequences were on the H-strand, eight tRNAs (trnQ, trnA, trnN, trnC, trnY, trnS(UCN), trnE, and trnP) and nad6 were encoded on the L-strand (Figure 1)
Summary
The vertebrate mitogenomes are usually small circular molecules (16–18 kb) containing. Three main mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of the repeated sequences in different regions of the mitochondrial CR [13], including the illegitimate elongation model [15], the improper initiation model [16], and the pause-melting misalignment [17] These tandem repeats provide a source of length polymorphism and heteroplasmy within individuals and species of particular vertebrate taxa [15,18]. We compare five Odontobutis mitogenomes in detail, regarding mitogenome structure, base composition, codon usage, gene order, evolutionary factors, and the tandem repeats in control regions. The features of this unique gene order and additional intergenic spacers provide sufficient evidence for the TDRL model, accounting for the conserved gene rearrangement in Odontobutis mitogenomes.
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