Comparative Mitogenomics and Phylogenetic Analyses of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

Shiwen Xu,Yingqi Liu,Fan Song,Yunfei Wu,Ping Zhao,Zhuo Chen,Wanzhi Cai,Hu Li

doi:10.3390/genes12091306

Shiwen Xu, Yingqi Liu + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091306

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Journal: Genes	Publication Date: Aug 25, 2021
Citations: 19	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: China Agricultural University, Nanning Normal University

Abstract

Pentatomoidea is the largest superfamily of Pentatomomorpha; however, the phylogenetic relationships among pentatomoid families have been debated for a long time. In the present study, we gathered the mitogenomes of 55 species from eight common families (Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Dinidoridae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae, Plataspidae, Urostylididae and Pentatomidae), including 20 newly sequenced mitogenomes, and conducted comparative mitogenomic studies with an emphasis on the structures of non-coding regions. Heterogeneity in the base composition, and contrasting evolutionary rates were encountered among the mitogenomes in Pentatomoidea, especially in Urostylididae, which may lead to unstable phylogenetic topologies. When the family Urostylididae is excluded in taxa sampling or the third codon positions of protein coding genes are removed, phylogenetic analyses under site-homogenous models could provide more stable tree topologies. However, the relationships between families remained the same in all PhyloBayes analyses under the site-heterogeneous mixture model CAT + GTR with different datasets and were recovered as (Cydnidae + (((Tessaratomidae + Dinidoridae) + (Plataspidae + Scutelleridae)) + ((Acanthosomatidae + Urostylididae) + Pentatomidae)))). Our study showed that data optimizing strategies after heterogeneity assessments based on denser sampling and the use of site-heterogeneous mixture models are essential for further analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomoidea.

Highlights

Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Pentatomomorpha), known as stink bugs and their relatives, is the largest superfamily within Pentatomomorpha, with over 8000 species [1,2]
There has been a longstanding debate on how many valid families are present in Pentatomoidea The division of Pentatomoidea into 18 families was only generally accepted recently, with a few doubts yet to be addressed [1]
Gapud [5] and Xu [11] were the first ones to study the phylogeny of Pentatomoidea

Summary

Introduction

Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Pentatomomorpha), known as stink bugs and their relatives, is the largest superfamily within Pentatomomorpha, with over 8000 species [1,2]. Gapud [5] and Xu [11] were the first ones to study the phylogeny of Pentatomoidea Following their studies, phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data, including nuclear and mitochondrial genes fragments [8,12,13,14], or whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) [7,9,10] were subsequently performed. Phylogenetic studies of Pentatomoidea using mitogenomic data are mainly based on sequences of eight common families (Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Dinidoridae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae, Plataspidae, Urostylididae and Pentatomidae) deposited in GenBank. In order to assess better strategies to resolve the phylogeny of this superfamily, we compared the effects of different models for phylogenetic analysis (i.e., site-homogeneous and site-heterogeneous mixture model), as well as some data optimizing methods, on the quality of resulting topology. We discuss potential ways to enhance future phylogenetic analysis on this highly diverse insect group

Sample Collection and DNA Extraction

Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing and Assembly

Mitochondrial Genome Annotation and Sequence Analysis

Phylogenetic Analysis

Sequence Heterogeneity in Pentatomoid Mitogenomes and Phylogenetic Analyses

Findings

Conclusions