Abstract
In this present study, we assembled and analyzed the mitogenomes of two asymbiotic and six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species based on next-generation sequencing data. The size of the eight Amanita mitogenomes ranged from 37,341 to 137,428 bp, and we considered introns to be one of the main factors contributing to the size variation of Amanita. The introns of the cox1 gene experienced frequent gain/loss events in Amanita; and the intron position class cox1P386 was lost in the six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species. In addition, ectomycorrhizal Amanita species had more repetitive sequences and fewer intergenic sequences than asymbiotic Amanita species in their mitogenomes. Large-scale gene rearrangements were detected in the Amanita species we tested, including gene displacements and inversions. On the basis of the combined mitochondrial gene set, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 66 Basidiomycetes. The six ectomycorrhizal Amanita species were of single origin, and the two saprophytic Amanita species formed two distinct clades. This study is the first to elucidate the functions of the mitogenome in the evolution and ecological adaptation of Amanita species.
Highlights
The genus of Amanita, belonging to Agaricales, Basidiomycetes, is a group of macrofungi
A. phalloides contained the largest number of non-intronic protein-coding genes (PCGs) among the eight Amanita species detected, with 34 (Supplementary Table S1); A. basii contained the least number of non-intronic PCGs, with only 16
We detected 8, 4, 15, 1, 1, and 19 intronic opening reading frames (ORFs) detected in the mitogenomes of A. muscaria, A. bisporigera, A. phalloides, A. pseudoporphyria, A. inopinata, and A. thiersii, respectively
Summary
The genus of Amanita, belonging to Agaricales, Basidiomycetes, is a group of macrofungi. Most of Amanita species form ectomycorrhizal associations with host plants, with some saprotrophic representatives (Wolfe et al, 2012b; De Mares et al, 2015). All Amanita species were derived from asymbiotic ancestors (De Mares et al, 2015). Amanita species has become one of the model organisms for the study of the life history, genetics, and evolution of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Kohler et al (2015) found that Amanita may lose some genes encoding plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in ectomycorrhizal life. Some ectomycorrhizal Amanita species have obtained carbohydrate metabolism genes through horizontal transfer (De Mares et al, 2015). The features and evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in Amanita species
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
