Abstract
BackgroundThe filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is a major producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes utilized by bioethanol industries. However, to achieve low cost second generation bioethanol production on an industrial scale an efficient mix of hydrolytic enzymes is required for the deconstruction of plant biomass. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production T. reesei during growth in cellulose, sophorose, and glucose.ResultsWe examined and compared the transcriptome and differential secretome (2D-DIGE) of T. reesei grown in cellulose, sophorose, or glucose as the sole carbon sources. By applying a stringent cut-off threshold 2,060 genes were identified as being differentially expressed in at least one of the respective carbon source comparisons. Hierarchical clustering of the differentially expressed genes identified three possible regulons, representing 123 genes controlled by cellulose, 154 genes controlled by sophorose and 402 genes controlled by glucose. Gene regulatory network analyses of the 692 genes differentially expressed between cellulose and sophorose, identified only 75 and 107 genes as being specific to growth in sophorose and cellulose, respectively. 2D-DIGE analyses identified 30 proteins exclusive to sophorose and 37 exclusive to cellulose. A correlation of 70.17% was obtained between transcription and secreted protein profiles.ConclusionsOur data revealed new players in cellulose degradation such as accessory proteins with non-catalytic functions secreted in different carbon sources, transporters, transcription factors, and CAZymes, that specifically respond in response to either cellulose or sophorose.
Highlights
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is a major producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes utilized by bioethanol industries
In this study we report a comparison of the transcriptome (RNAseq) and secretome (two-dimensional Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2-D differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE))) of T. reesei grown on cellulose, sophorose and glucose, in attempt to understand the molecular basis of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme induction
Global gene expression profiles of Trichoderma reesei grown in three different carbon sources T. reesei QM9414 was grown directly in three different carbon sources; glucose, sophorose, and cellulose as described
Summary
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is a major producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes utilized by bioethanol industries. The production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulose requires biomass pretreatment, cellulose hydrolysis, hexose fermentation, separation, effluent treatment, and depending on the raw material, additional costs may occur [3]. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the main producers of cellulases and hemicellulases used in industrial scale [5] and is especially important for the production of 2G biofuels from lignocellulose [6]. Despite T. reesei being the most prominent lignocellulosic degrader among the genus Trichoderma, this species has a reduced number of cellulolytic enzymes compared to other lignocellulosic fungi [7]. This ability is attributed to T. reesei possessing efficient systems for the transport of nutrients and the induction/secretion of cellulases. The study of the cellulolytic system in T. reesei is of substantial interest to industrial biotechnology
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