Comparative metabolic profiling of Vitis amurensis and Vitis vinifera during cold acclimation

Fengmei Chai,Xianbin Meng,Haiping Xin,Yue Xiang,Xiaoming Sun,Guotian Liu,Shaohua Li,Cheng Cheng,Wenwen Liu,Lixin Duan

doi:10.1038/s41438-018-0083-5

Abstract

Vitis amurensis is a wild Vitis plant that can withstand extreme cold temperatures. However, the accumulation of metabolites during cold acclimation (CA) in V. amurensis remains largely unknown. In this study, plantlets of V. amurensis and V. vinifera cv. Muscat of Hamburg were treated at 4 °C for 24 and 72 h, and changes of metabolites in leaves were detected by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Most of the identified metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids, accumulated in the two types of grape after CA. Galactinol, raffinose, fructose, mannose, glycine, and ascorbate were continuously induced by cold in V. amurensis, but not in Muscat of Hamburg. Twelve metabolites, including isoleucine, valine, proline, 2-oxoglutarate, and putrescine, increased in V. amurensis during CA. More galactinol, ascorbate, 2-oxoglutarate, and putrescine, accumulated in V. amurensis, but not in Muscat of Hamburg, during CA, which may be responsible for the excellent cold tolerance in V. amurensis. The expression levels of the genes encoding β-amylase (BAMY), galactinol synthase (GolS), and raffinose synthase (RafS) were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The expression BAMY (VIT_02s0012 g00170) and RafS (VIT_05s0077 g00840) were primarily responsible for the accumulation of maltose and raffinose, respectively. The accumulation of galactinol was attributed to different members of GolS in the two grapes. In conclusion, these results show the inherent differences in metabolites between V. amurensis and V. vinifera under CA.

Highlights

Low temperature stress is a major determinant of plant growth and development
Muscat of Hamburg under cold treatment (Supplementary Figure S2); the levels of metabolites changed in the two varieties after the cold acclamation
GC–TOF–Mass spectrometry (MS) was used to investigate the metabolic shifts resulting from cold stress in the two grape species

Summary

Introduction

Low temperature stress is a major determinant of plant growth and development This condition affects the geographical locations of crops and causes significant losses in their productivity[1]. CA in plant cells leads to a series of physiological and biochemical changes, including increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species[4], increased membrane stability[5], and accumulated soluble sugars[6,7] and proline[6,8]. These responses increase freezing tolerance[9]

Methods

Results

Conclusion