Abstract
The article presents the results of an environmental study of the mini combined heat and power plants (mini-CHPs) life cycle with gas engines operating on natural gas and biogas, and with diesel engines. The calculation of material and energy flows, the environmental impact on the atmospheric air, water basin and soil has been carried out. The largest mass of harmful substances in wastewater has been observed with the account of the life cycle assessment (LCA) for the mini-CHPs in biogas, the smallest mass in diesel mini-CHPs. During the operation of biogas, gas piston and diesel PI, significant greenhouse gas emissions have taken place because of the fuel combustion. The article considers the issues of thermal pollution in the environment. It has been revealed that the life cycle of the bioenergy installations has a maximum impact on the environment, with the account of the fuel combustion in mini-CHPs with diesel engines. Biogas mini-CHPs have a greater advantage considering the processes of the operation and fuel combustion. The conducted research can help in choosing the type of the engine when designing a mini-CHP.
Highlights
The doctrine of the energy security of the Russian Federation provides for the development of distributed electrical energy generation, energy-saving and energyefficient technologies [1]
Limiting the negative impact on the environment and ensuring the environmental safety of the economic activities of the fuel and energy complex organizations is crucial for the implementation of climate policy and accelerated transition to a "green economy"
The largest number of mini-CHPs is used in the extractive industries of the fuel and energy complex (FEC), f because of a large distance of facilities from the power systems, high expenses for laying power lines in Northern regions and their possible damage
Summary
The doctrine of the energy security of the Russian Federation provides for the development of distributed electrical energy generation, energy-saving and energyefficient technologies [1]. The main advantages of mini-CHPs are the following: a low cost of generated heat and electricity, a significant reduction in losses of electrical and heat energy thanks to their closer distance to consumers, the autonomy of operation, an increased reliability of heat supply, the possibility of rapid construction (up to a year), a fast payback, a low consumption of fuel, a wide range of different types of fuel, an environmental safety. The life cycle was divided into the following individual processes, based on the used materials and industries: mining of minerals (iron ore, copper ore, bauxites, gas, oil); production of materials (cast iron, steel, copper, aluminum, diesel fuel); production of energy sources; recycling process (cast iron, steel, copper, aluminum). The discharge of wastewater, the emission of harmful substances into the air, the generation of waste, the emission of greenhouse gases, and thermal pollution have been taken into account in the study
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