Abstract
Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identification and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme.
 Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)
Highlights
It is the age of the biobased economy, with great efforts expended in both basic and applied research to develop useful and economically important products from agriculture
The Brassica genus of plants belongs to the mustard family Brassicaceae is a economically very important genus as oilseed crops
B. campestris is one of the economically important species of Brassica genus which is known as toria, sarson, summer turnip rape, and polish rape
Summary
It is the age of the biobased economy, with great efforts expended in both basic and applied research to develop useful and economically important products from agriculture. Plant breeding programs are continuously striving to extend crop yield, enhance crop quality, produce genetically modified crops and improve crop tolerance to diseases and pests Oilseed crops are such kind of crops which play an important role in human nutrition and economy. Brassica oilseeds are collectively contribute about 15% of the world’s total supply of vegetable oils and become the thirdleading source of edible oil in the world (Mc Vetty et al, 2016) It is used for edible purpose and used in hair dressing, body massaging and different types of pickles preparation. Brassica is the second largest oilseed crop in world oilseed production (FAO, 2010; Raymer, 2002) This genus containing 37 different species which are agriculturally important (Paul et al, 2020). It appears to possess had the widest distribution, with secondary centers of diversity in Europe, Western Russia, Central Asia and Near East (Vavilov, 1949; Mizushima & Tsunoda, 1967; Zhukovsky & Zeven, 1975)
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