Comparative investigation on antibacterial, biological and mechanical behaviour of monticellite and diopside derived from biowaste for bone regeneration

Abstract

Bioactive silicates have transpired as valuable biomaterials for hard tissue engineering applications owing to their bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteogenic activity. The compositions of ceramics are found to be the main reason for stimulating bone growth. To achieve the desired product for 100% clinical success, it is necessary to understand the relationship between composition and biological activity. The present probe explored the relationship between the composition and biological performance of silicate bioceramics (Monticellite and Diopside) prepared from biowaste. The phase purity of monticellite was achieved at 1200 °C and diopside at 900 °C. The evolution of gases during the combustion reaction resulted in porous samples. SEM micrographs revealed beehive-like morphology of monticellite whereas diopside possesses porous rock-like structures. The high phase formation temperature of monticellite was found to have a negligible influence on HAp deposition. Monticellite showed excellent apatite deposition and superior mechanical strength. The slow ionic release and their consumption during the dissolution of diopside indicate delayed biomineralization ability and controlled degradation. The occurrence of dissolution and degradation simultaneously in SBF was found to affect the apatite deposition ability as well as mechanical stability. Both monticellite and diopside restricted the growth of clinical pathogens causing the majority of bone infections. The Alamar Blue assay of monticellite and diopside demonstrated a good hBMSCs attachment and a significant proliferation. The Col1 and BMP2 osteogenic proteins expression suggested that both scaffolds can promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.