Abstract
Mummies in museums are exposed to different deterioration factors like microorganisms, especially unwrapped mummies, such as the screaming mummy. This screaming mummy in the store of the Egyptian museum is suffering from stains due to microbial infection. There are three trends of materials to inhibit microbial growth: nano materials, plant extraction and chemical materials. This research compares three materials representing the three trends such as nano zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), Ceratophyllum demersum and 4-chloro-m-cresol, respectively. Microorganisms, isolated from the degraded mummy, were identified with an optical microscope and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) analysis to guarantee identification accuracy. Results indicated that the bacteria in the mummy are Bacillus jeotgali, Kocuria turfanensis, Microbacterium imperial, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus megaterium. Fungi are Monascus pallens and Rhizopus oryzae. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) illustrated that the best concentrations for the bio treatment of isolated microorganisms is plant extract (Ceratophyllum demersum) at 600 ppm/100 mL, followed by 4-chloro-m-cresol at 600 ppm/100 mL and finally nano zinc oxide at 700 ppm/100 mL.
Highlights
Mummification is a process that was done to preserve dead body in ancient Egypt by embalming and wrapped with linen bandages [1]
Determine inhibition zone of microbial species grown on Czapek agar and Nutrient aTgaarbales 5a.ffDeectteerdmbiynethinreheibmitiiocnrozcoidnees(:mnman)oozf imncicoroxbidiael,snpaetcuieraslgprolawnnt eoxntrCazcat p(CekeraagtoaprhaynlldumNudtermieenrstum) aangda4r-acshaloffreoc-tmed-cbryesthorl.ee microcides: nano zinc oxide, natural plant extract (Ceratophyllum demersum) and 4-chloro-m-cresol
In the concentration of 600 ppm/100 mL, there is no response for nano zinc oxide as well, the plant extract and chemical microcide have a good inhibition zone
Summary
Mummification is a process that was done to preserve dead body in ancient Egypt by embalming and wrapped with linen bandages [1]. The study aims to compare the Heritage 2021, 4 inhibition of three materials: nano zinc oxide, Ceratophyllum demersum and 4-chlorocresol representing, respectively These three materials are for inhibiting 2m483icrobial tacks, and are applied to the microorganisms isolated from the screaming mummy. Pared with Mcliocsreoloyrgraenliastmeds asrterdaiifnfesreanctceinsstehde dfergormee tohfedeGcoemn pBoasnitkio,nsoufcphroatseiBnsacainllduscejleloutlgoaseli.,The Kocuria turfatnabenuslaist,eMd dicartoabsahcotewrituhme himigpheersitaal,cMtiviictryoocof ccceullsulluoltyeuticaancdtivBiatyciollbussemrveegdatinerBiuamcil.luFsujneo-tgali gal isolates awnedrea hidigehnetsiftiaecdtivaictcyoorfdpinrogtetoolytthiceamctoivlietcyuolbasrearvpepdroinacMhicbroybaITctSeriruemgiiomnpeorfiarl.DNA sequencing analysis and compared with closely related strains accessed from the Gen. Based on the results in Tables 2 and 3, it was found that the bacterial isolates were identified acgcaonridsDminastgaptrroeoctvohereddwetdhmeinovTlaearcbiuoleulas4raaanbpdilpiitrlileousascttrohatpberydo1db6yuScFerigRtuhNreeAc5eslilneuqdlauicseaentsecaitnhnagdt atphnreoatlteyeassstieesdcemonmzicy-rmooers-. Pared with Mcliocsreoloyrgraenliastmeds asrterdaiifnfesreanctceinsstehde dfergormee tohfedeGcoemn pBoasnitkio,nsoufcphroatseiBnsacainllduscejleloutlgoaseli.,The Kocuria turfatnabenuslaist,eMd dicartoabsahcotewrituhme himigpheersitaal,cMtiviictryoocof ccceullsulluoltyeuticaancdtivBiatyciollbussemrveegdatinerBiuamcil.luFsujneo-tgali gal isolates awnedrea hidigehnetsiftiaecdtivaictcyoorfdpinrogtetoolytthiceamctoivlietcyuolbasrearvpepdroinacMhicbroybaITctSeriruemgiiomnpeorfiarl.DNA sequencing analysis and compared with closely related strains accessed from the Gen Bank, such as Monascus pallens and Rhizopus oryzae
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