Abstract
Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660 nm, 100 mW, 1.8 J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480 nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p >< 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies>< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.
Highlights
The main goal of endodontic treatment is to eliminate or reduce the intraradicular microbial load to a level that allows for the prevention or cure of apical periodontitis[1]
The purpose of this study was to compare microbial reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) (660nm) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers as an adjunct to chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth contaminated with E. faecalis
In between-group comparisons, a significant difference was observed in the number of colony-forming unit (CFU) at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001)
Summary
The main goal of endodontic treatment is to eliminate or reduce the intraradicular microbial load to a level that allows for the prevention or cure of apical periodontitis[1]. Hemostatic, polyphenolic compounds that have been used as natural dyes and are major active constituents of plants, which justifies the traditional use of plants as anti-inflammatory and healing agents[10]. They have a strong absorption band at 672 nm and rapid skin clearance. A polyphenolic compound extracted from Curcuma Longa rhizomes, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and food industry, with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic properties[11]. In aPDT, curcumin has high light absorption capacity at wavelengths in the blue spectral region, between 455 nm and 492 nm[12] which is commonly used in dental offices for the light curing of resin-based composites by using a LED or halogen light device
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