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Abstract
Organometallic nanoconjugates have raised great interest due to their bimodal properties and high stability. In the present study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity property of carbon dots (CDs) and a series of organometallic nanoconjugates including gold@carbon dots (Au@CDs) and silver@carbon dots (Ag@CDs) synthesized via an aqueous mode. We aimed to divulge a comparative analysis of cell proliferation, uptake, and localization of the particles in HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. Our results showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Au@CDs, Ag@CDs, and CDs. However, Ag@CDs showed the highest inhibition through HeLa cells with an IC50 value of around 50 ± 1.0 μg/mL. Confocal imaging signified the uptake of the particles suggested by blue fluorescence in the interior region of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the TEM micrographs depicted that the particles are entrapped by endocytosis assisted through the cell microvilli. The CDs and Au@CDs were thus observed to be relatively safe up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL and did not induce any morphological changes in the cells. Moreover, the cell proliferation assay of these nanoconjugates against HEK 293 cells signified the nontoxic nature of the nanoconjugates. The results thus revealed two major facts: firstly, the Ag@CDs had potent therapeutic potential, signifying their potential as a promising anticancer drug, and secondly, the CDs and Au@CDs at a defined dose could be used as probes for detection and also bioimaging agents.
Highlights
Engineered nanomaterials with multimodal properties have been of much focus recently, with particular emphasis on applications related to the domain of biomedicine including imaging, drug delivery, and biosensing probes [1–4]
A new series of organometallic nanoconjugates including Au@carbon dots (CDs), Ag@CDs, and CDs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), SEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and assessed for their antiproliferative action on the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) cells
Cell viability assay suggested that of the three particles, Ag@CDs significantly inhibited the growth of the HeLa cells via dose-dependent manner
Summary
Engineered nanomaterials with multimodal properties have been of much focus recently, with particular emphasis on applications related to the domain of biomedicine including imaging, drug delivery, and biosensing probes [1–4]. The intriguing physicochemical properties of NPs such as the size, shape, surface chemistry, and surface charge play a pivotal role in their uptake by the cells [6–9]. Due to these properties, NPs have been widely analyzed for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity their potential in gene delivery, target-specific drug delivery, therapeutics, and tumor targeting [10–12]. The synthesis methods for CD production include techniques such as laser irradiation, electrochemical oxidation, strong acid oxidation, and ultrasonic synthesis [19–22] These methods suffer from disadvantages of aqueous dispersibility, expensiveness, hazardous precursors, and complex instrumentation, thereby limiting their usage in biomedicines. Researchers are focusing on the synthesis of nanoconjugates that present the advantages of multifunctionality, targeted functionality, and superior physicochemical properties
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