Comparative in Silico Analysis of Ferric Reduction Oxidase (FRO) Genes Expression Patterns in Response to Abiotic Stresses, Metal and Hormone Applications.

Izhar Muhammad,Wen-Ting Liu,Abdullah Shalmani,Xiu-Qing Jing,Kun-Ming Chen,Peng-Fei Gan,Muhammad Ali,Shi Yi,Wen-Qiang Li

doi:10.3390/molecules23051163

Izhar Muhammad, Wen-Ting Liu + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051163

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Abstract

The ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) gene family is involved in various biological processes widely found in plants and may play an essential role in metal homeostasis, tolerance and intricate signaling networks in response to a number of abiotic stresses. Our study describes the identification, characterization and evolutionary relationships of FRO genes families. Here, total 50 FRO genes in Plantae and 15 ‘FRO like’ genes in non-Plantae were retrieved from 16 different species. The entire FRO genes have been divided into seven clades according to close similarity in biological and functional behavior. Three conserved domains were common in FRO genes while in two FROs sub genome have an extra NADPH-Ox domain, separating the function of plant FROs. OsFRO1 and OsFRO7 genes were expressed constitutively in rice plant. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of OsFRO1 was high in flag leaf, and OsFRO7 gene expression was maximum in leaf blade and flag leaf. Both genes showed vigorous expressions level in response to different abiotic and hormones treatments. Moreover, the expression of both genes was also substantial under heavy metal stresses. OsFRO1 gene expression was triggered following 6 h under Zn, Pb, Co and Ni treatments, whereas OsFRO7 gene expression under Fe, Pb and Ni after 12 h, Zn and Cr after 6 h, and Mn and Co after 3 h treatments. These findings suggest the possible involvement of both the genes under abiotic and metal stress and the regulation of phytohormones. Therefore, our current work may provide the foundation for further functional characterization of rice FRO genes family.

Highlights

The plant growth and development greatly affected by the imbalance supply of mineral nutrition, lower the crop productivity [1]
To identify and characterize ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) genes family members in plants, the sequences were searched against the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) algorithm [39] and a total of 50 FRO genes in Plantae and
OsFRO1Therefore, and OsFRO7, rice seedlings different using qRT-PCRofunder environmental we investigated thesubjected inducibleto expression environmental stresses, and the different expression levels were observed at various time points characteristics of two candidate genes, OsFRO1 and OsFRO7, rice seedlings subjected to different environmental stresses, and the different expression levels were observed at various time points

Summary

Introduction

The plant growth and development greatly affected by the imbalance supply of mineral nutrition, lower the crop productivity [1]. The rapid changes in the oxidative state of iron stimulate cellular function, regulation, electron transport and various other metabolic functions [3,4,5,6]. The regulation of genes related to iron stress may help in plant adaptation against adverse conditions [12]. The FROs cover in the superfamily of flavocytochrome located in the cellular membrane that transfer electrons from intracellular donors to extracellular acceptors such as iron or molecular oxygen [14]. The major functional domains of FRO genes consist of six membrane-spanning regions, two heme, or ferric reductases-like, transmembrane components, which are a highly conserved core protein throughout the flavocytochromes family and crucial for cell surface ferric reductase activity [15,16]. The flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD-binding-8) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD-binding-6)

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