Comparative Hypoglycaemic Index of South Indian Pigmented and Non-pigmented Rice Varieties

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the one of the leading chronic metabolic disorders affecting all age groups in universe. Dietary control of diabetes is the main focus of the diabetic patients in order to maintain their blood glucose level. The blood glucose level is mainly affected by carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate foods. Rice is the one of the major foods consumed by most of the Asian countries. There are varieties of rice differ in their chemical nature, nutritional behaviour and phytochemical nature. Based on this, the present work was focused to know the hypoglycaemic effect of pigmented and nonpigmented south Indian rice samples. The quantitative phytochemical analysis was done for Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Total Tannin Content (TTC) with the rice samples of Karuppu Kavuni (KK), Mapillai Sampa (MS) and Seeraga Samba (SS), the results show the KK and MS contains high levels polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins than SS. The protein levels were also found in high in KK and MS than SS, in contrast high level of carbohydrate was found in SS than in KK and MS. The GC-MS analysis of the rice extract showed the presence of various bioactive compounds. The antioxidant status and free radical scavenging capacity was also further confirmed KK and MS is good in action than SS. The hypo glycemic index was done with the control group and type II diabetes patients, shows the KK and MS significantly controls the blood glucose levels and regulates lipoproteins and other biochemical parameters than SS treated groups. The overall results of the present investigation clearly show, that the pigmented rice KK and MS can be considered as good food source in controlling the blood glucose levels and play a vital role in the management and prevention of diabetes and related disorders.