Abstract
Adult mosquito sampling techniques are essential for monitoring transmission of malaria and other mosquito borne infections. Preference for any sampling technique depends on both its field efficiency and the characteristics of local vector populations. Surveys on adult mosquitoes using Human Landing Catch (HLC) and CO2-baited CDC light trap (CDC-LT) techniques were conducted in several knowlesi malaria endemic areas between the months of March to December 2012 in several states of Peninsula Malaysia. These two techniques were relatively compared to determine the preferences of anopheline mosquitoes towards CO2-baited CDC-LT technique using HLC technique as the reference method. Cx. gelidus, An. maculates and An. introlatus were the main three species collected by HLC technique, whereas the species collected by CO2-baited CDC-LT technique were mostly An. cracens, Ar. durhami and Coquillettidia species. Most of the Anopheles species were collected almost exclusively by the human collectors except for An. cracens and An. introlatus which were collected using both techniques. Anopheles cracens was the most dominant species captured using CO2-baited CDC-LT technique. This is the first report showing An. cracens was caught using CO2-baited CDC-LT technique in Malaysia.
Highlights
The burden of malaria in many parts of Malaysia has decreased substantially due to malaria control activities implemented by Ministry of Health Malaysia since 1960’s
A fifth species, Plasmodium knowlesi that was originally described as malaria parasite of the long-tailed macaque monkeys was being reported from time to time after the first case of knowlesi malaria was reported in humans in 1965 [1]
This finding was in accordance with other studies which suggested that Human Landing Catch (HLC) technique is the most appropriate sampling technique for anthropophilic Anopheles mosquitoes [14]-[17]
Summary
The burden of malaria in many parts of Malaysia has decreased substantially due to malaria control activities implemented by Ministry of Health Malaysia since 1960’s. It is apparent that deforestation in many areas has brought the monkeys and the forest dwelling Anopheles vectors closer to human habitation. These Anopheles mosquitoes and the nonhuman primates colonize villages and plantations. With the reduction in the number of malaria cases, the population would have lost their immunity due to reduced exposure. This coupled with the presence of vectors and the infected long-tailed macaques is contributing to the increase in the number of simian malaria cases among humans over the years
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