Comparative Histological Study on the Preventive Role of Acarbose and Calcipotriol/Betamethasone in Mouse Model of Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation Induced by Imiquimod

Abstract

Introduction: Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder that is symptomized by erythema and scaling. Recently, imiquimod (IMQ) has been used to induce skin inflammation in mice to create a psoriasis model.Aim of the Work: To assess the possible preventive potential of acarbose on psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by IMQ in adult male mice, and to compare it to calcipotriol/betamethasone applied on the same psoriasis mouse model.Materials and Methods: Thirty four BALB/c mice were classified as the following groups: I(Control), II(IMQ): IMQ-model with topically applied Aldara cream, ІII(Acarbose): IMQ-model treated with Glucobay orally, ІV(Calcipotriol/Betamethasone): IMQ-model treated with Calcipoheal-Cort ointment and V(Acarbose+Calcipotriol/Betamethasone): IMQ-model treated with both Glucobay and Calcipoheal-Cort combined. Haematoxylin & Eosin stain and S100 immunohistochemical staining were performed along with electron microscopic study of skin sections. Mean epidermal thickness and mean number of S100 immuno-positive keratinocytes were measured and measurements were statistically analyzed.Results: Group II mice showed psoriasis-like signs of skin inflammation. Groups III and IV mice showed less signs of inflammation which were markedly attenuated by combination of both of the treatments. Group II demonstrated significant acanthosis and abundant infiltrates of inflammatory cells in the dermis and significantly numerous S100 immuno-positive keratinocytes. Groups III and IV showed significant improvement of these changes which were markedly diminished in group V as it showed almost normal histological structure.Conclusion: Acarbose had an overall beneficial effect on psoriasis-mimicking mouse model triggered by IMQ, almost comparable to that demonstrated by calcipotriol/betamethasone. However, combination of both treatments exerted a more powerful therapeutic effect.