Abstract
This study aimed to know the comparative histological structure and histochemistry of the Ileum in two birds that are the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and the Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) using histological stains and histochemical techniques. The results showed that the Ileum wall in the two birds is composed of the histological layers that make up the rest of the gut wall, with many differences between them. The villi appeared in Turkey in various shapes, longer and more numerous than in the Cockatiel. The villi lined with a simple epithelial tissue in the two birds, containing the goblet cells. Lieberkuhkn''s crypts under the villi appeared in the two birds and had spherical secretory, and some secretory units contained the enteroendocrine cells. The Muscularis Externa appeared distinctively in Turkey than in the Cockatiel, and it was of three sublayers while in the Cockatiel from two sublayers. Histochemical results showed medium to a strong positive response to the epithelial tissue to AB pH 1, AB pH 2.5, PAS techniques while a weak positive in the intestinal glands to these techniques, with varying degrees between the two birds. While the response was positive for BP technique in the epithelial tissue and negative in the glands, as well as the same response appeared for the SB technique. The current study concluded that the Ileum structure in the two birds is identical with histological and histochemical differences that are appropriate to the nature of each bird''s food.
Highlights
The Class of Avian places second in the number of species among vertebrates
Histological results The results showed that the mucosa layer of the Ileum in both birds consisted of villi, which are extensions towards the lumen of the Ileum
While the villi in the Cockatiel were shorter in length and less in number than the Turkey villi, but almost all in one form, which is a conical shape, some of which appeared branched
Summary
The Class of Avian places second in the number of species among vertebrates. There are approximately 8,600 species of birds in the world. All birds adapted to their different environments for food sources, the seashore, ponds, small rivers, fields, or mountains. Reflecting their different lifestyles, birds have different feeding habits, with corresponding differences in the structures of their digestive canal [1]. The structure of the avian intestine varies from one species to another. The functions of the Avian's small intestine are similar to those in mammals and include processing of food using enzymes and bile excreted from the pancreas and liver, as well as nutrient absorption [5]. The secreted regulatory peptides control functions of the gastrointestinal tract that include motility, digestion and secretion [6]
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