Abstract
Macaca fuscata displays characteristic behaviours, such as stone handling, locomotor behaviour, gait position, and intermittent bipedalism. Differences in characteristic behaviours among primate species/genera could be explained by anatomical details of the body. However, the anatomical details have not been well studied in Macaca fuscata. Arterial models could be one of the anatomical bases for the phylogenetic and functional differences among species, since the arterial supply could be associated with the muscular performance, especially locomotor behaviour. In this study, five thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected to analyse the vessels. Patterns of arterial distribution in the thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata were compared with those in other primates. The results indicated that the arterial distribution in the Japanese monkeys was more similar to those in Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis, which is consistent with phylogenetic similarities. However, compared with Papio anubis and other macaques, there were anatomical differences in several points, including (1) the origin of the common, anterior, posterior circumflex, and profunda brachii, and (2) the origins of the collateralis ulnaris artery. The comparative anatomy of the arteries in the forelimb of Macaca fuscata, along with the anatomical studies in other primates, indicated characteristic patterns of brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches in primates, which is consistent with the phylogenetic division among New World primates, Old World primates, and apes.
Highlights
Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) have been used as experimental animals in physiological studies and in many other studies on their ecology, zoology, and behaviour [1,2,3,4]
The origin at the subclavian artery and continuation as the brachial artery is a common pattern in C. goeldii, S. libidinosus, M. mulatta, P. anubis, apes (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, and Hylobates lar), and modern humans [18, 26, 32, 35]
The radialis and ulnaris arteries originate directly from the axillary artery in S. libidinosus because of the absence or presence of a small brachialis [18, 26], as occurs with C. goeldii [35] and Galago senegalensis [41], and from the brachialis approximately in the distal two-thirds of the humerus in other New World primates studied by Manners-Smith [18, 19]
Summary
Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) have been used as experimental animals in physiological studies and in many other studies on their ecology, zoology, and behaviour [1,2,3,4]. Macaca fuscata display some behavioural characteristics compared with other primates of the genera Macaca because of their geographical isolation (i.e., they are strictly Japanese, they show different positional behaviour of free ranging, and in ecological aspects, they are more arboreal than other genera of macaques, compared with the rhesus). They show other specific behaviours, such as heating their bodies in hot water spas in winter, fur colour [5], and anatomical differences in some arm muscles compared with the rhesus [6]. More studies are required in primatology [7], especially studies on the basic anatomy of the group Macaca, in which previous studies focused mainly on Macaca mulatta in an ancient book [8], in some specific papers [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], or in comparative studies on vessels [18,19,20]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
