Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Currently, there are 18 different serotypes; the serotype 8 is the most widely distributed in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and southeastern Brazil. In this study, genomes of seven A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 clinical isolates were compared to the other genomes of twelve serotypes. The analyses of serotype 8 genomes resulted in a set of 2352 protein-coding sequences. Of these sequences, 76.6% are present in all serotypes, 18.5% are shared with some serotypes, and 4.9% were differential. This differential portion was characterized as a series of hypothetical and regulatory protein sequences: mobile element sequence. Synteny analysis demonstrated possible events of gene recombination and acquisition by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in this species. A total of 30 sequences related to prophages were identified in the genomes. These sequences represented 0.3 to 3.5% of the genome of the strains analyzed, and 16 of them contained complete prophages. Similarity analysis between complete prophage sequences evidenced a possible HGT with species belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. Thus, mobile genetic elements, such as prophages, are important components of the differential portion of the A. pleuropneumoniae genome and demonstrate a central role in the evolution of the species. This study represents the first study done to understand the genome of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8.
Highlights
Pork is an important source of animal protein and is currently one of the most commonly consumed meat products in the world [1]
The total set of predicted coding DNA sequences (CDS) of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 generated from the seven clinical isolates corresponded to 2352 sequences (Table 2)
We found a small region of approximately 13000 pb present only in the seven genomes of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 and the CDS found were for tRNA-glutamate ligase (WP_005608501.1), tRNA-Ala (WP_005612726.1), preprotein translocase (WP_005612726.1), transcriptional regulator of the Rha family (WP_039768145.1), antirepressor (WP_058230489.1), propanediol utilization protein (WP_ 039768152.1), host death prevention protein family (Phd) (WP_005598318.1), YoeB toxin (WP_005605064.1), tetracyl disaccharide kinase (WP_005598320.1, WP_005608502.1), and nine sequences encoding hypothetical proteins (WP_ 039709488.1, WP_039768147.1, WP_039709486.1, WP_ 039709484.1, WP_039709483.1, WP_052250595.1, WP_ 014991324.1, WP_039768150.1, and WP_014991326.1)
Summary
Pork is an important source of animal protein and is currently one of the most commonly consumed meat products in the world [1]. Porcine pleuropneumonia is one of the most important respiratory diseases in pigs and is caused by the bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; this species can be divided into two biotypes according to their dependence on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) [4]. This species is classified into 18 serotypes based on the antigenic properties of capsule polysaccharides [5,6,7]. Virulence is multifactorial and is related to a combination of factors such as toxins from the RTX family, composition and structure of capsule polysaccharides, outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS), iron siderophores, biofilm formation, and adhesins [8]. In addition to the Strain/serotype 4074/1 4226/2 JL03, 3 M62/4 L20/5b Femo/6 AP76/7 MV460/8 MV518/8 MV597/8 MV780/8 MV1022/8 MV5651/8 MIDG2331/8 CVJ13261/9 D13039/10 56153/11 1096/12 N273/13
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