Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is a Gram-negative marine pathogen causative agent of vibriosis in a wide range of hosts, including invertebrates and teleosts. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a native fish of the North Atlantic Ocean, is utilized as cleaner fish to control sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. V. anguillarum is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens affecting lumpfish. Here, we described the phenotype and genomic characteristics of V. anguillarum strain J360 isolated from infected cultured lumpfish in Newfoundland, Canada. Koch’s postulates determined in naïve lumpfish showed lethal acute vibriosis in lumpfish. The V. anguillarum J360 genome was shown to be composed of two chromosomes and two plasmids with a total genome size of 4.56 Mb with 44.85% G + C content. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses showed that V. anguillarum J360 is closely related to V. anguillarum strain VIB43, isolated in Scotland, with a 99.8% genome identity. Differences in the genomic organization were identified and associated with insertion sequence elements (ISs). Additionally, V. anguillarum J360 does not possess a pJM1-like plasmid, typically present in virulent isolates from the Pacific Ocean, suggesting that acquisition of this extrachromosomal element and the virulence of V. anguillarum J360 or other Atlantic isolates could increase.
Highlights
Vibrio spp. is naturally ubiquitous in aquatic and marine environments [1]
V. anguillarum strain J360 was capable of growing in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) and Luria Bertani (LB) medium up to 30 ◦C (Table 2)
The complete genome of V. anguillarum J360 serotype O2 isolated from infected cultured lumpfish in Newfoundland, Canada was reported
Summary
Vibrio spp. is naturally ubiquitous in aquatic and marine environments [1]. Some members of this genus can cause infections in humans after exposition to contaminated water, such as Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, and after consumption of raw contaminated seafood, such as V. parahaemolitycus, V. alginolyticus, and V. vulnificus [1,2,3]. Lumpfish have been reported to be up to 64% more efficacious with respect to sea lice removal when compared to other wrasse species utilized as cleaner fish species, like ballan (Labrus bergylta), corkwing (Crenilabrus melops), rock cook (Centrolabrus exoletus), and goldsinny (Ctenolabrus rupestris) [10,12]. These wrasses (not including lumpfish) exhibit a reduced activity during winter, because they enter into a hypometabolic state (similar to hibernation) [13,14], and this eventually decreases sea lice removal efficiency [15,16]
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