Comparative Genomic Analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae Isolated From Bovine Mastitis in China.

Siyu Xu,Bo Han,Zhaoju Deng,Jingyue Yang,Yang Liu,Fumeng He,Man Zhou,John P Kastelic,Jian Gao

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.751863

Siyu Xu, Bo Han + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.751863

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Abstract

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing bovine mastitis worldwide. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information regarding genetic diversity, complete profiles of virulence factors (VFs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes for SDSD associated with bovine mastitis in China. In this study, a total of 674 milk samples, including samples from 509 clinical and 165 subclinical mastitis cases, were collected from 17 herds in 7 provinces in China from November 2016 to June 2019. All SDSD isolates were included in phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, whole genome sequencing was performed on 12 representative SDSD isolates to screen for VFs and AMR genes and to define pan-, core and accessory genomes. The prevalence of SDSD from mastitis milk samples was 7.57% (51/674). According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, 51 SDSD isolates were divided into 4 clusters, whereas based on MLST, 51 SDSD isolates were identified as 11 sequence types, including 6 registered STs and 5 novel STs (ST521, ST523, ST526, ST527, ST529) that belonged to 2 distinct clonal complexes (CCs) and 4 singletons. Based on WGS information, 108 VFs genes in 12 isolates were determined in 11 categories. In addition, 23 AMR genes were identified in 11 categories. Pan-, core and accessory genomes were composed of 2,663, 1,633 and 699 genes, respectively. These results provided a comprehensive profiles of SDSD virulence and resistance genes as well as phylogenetic relationships among mastitis associated SDSD in North China.

Highlights

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an important bovine mastitis causing pathogen worldwide (Cameron et al, 2016; Gao et al, 2017; de Campos et al, 2021), which could result in economic loss and deteriorated animal welfare (Heikkilä et al, 2018)
A total of 51 (7.57%) isolates were obtained from 674 milk samples, 49 isolates from 509 clinical mastitis (CM) samples and 2 isolates from
Test for proportions was applied to compare the proportion of the genes fall into the functional categories among core, accessory and unique genome using SPSS 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) and significance was considered at p < 0.05 in a two-tailed test

Summary

Introduction

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an important bovine mastitis causing pathogen worldwide (Cameron et al, 2016; Gao et al, 2017; de Campos et al, 2021), which could result in economic loss and deteriorated animal welfare (Heikkilä et al, 2018). They can be distinguished based on their hemolytic properties [SDSD (a-hemolytic) and SDSE (bhemolytic)] on blood agar (Alves-Barroco et al, 2021). SDSD is classically described as an animal pathogen, causing animal diseases, such as bovine mastitis (Zhang et al, 2018), and mostly results in persistent (sub)clinical mastitis (Botrel et al., 2010). Studies indicate that SDSD isolates can be isolated from human with breast cancer and infect human primary keratinocyte cells in vitro (Alves-Barroco et al, 2019b; Koh et al, 2020), indicating the potential to infect human.

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