Abstract
Nesterenkonia sp. PF2B19, a psychrophile was isolated from 44,800-year-old permafrost soil. This is the first report on comparative genomics of Nesterenkonia sp. isolated from Arctic. Genome of PF2B19 exhibited the presence of a vast array of genetic determinants involved in cold adaptation i.e., response to cold-associated general, osmotic, and oxidative stress. These genomic attributes proved to be valuable in unraveling the adaptive tactics employed by PF2B19 for survival in the cold permafrost soils of the Arctic. Genomic analysis of PF2B19 has given some valuable insight into the biotechnological potential of this strain, particularly as a source of cold-active enzymes, as a bioremediating agent and as plant growth-promoting bacteria.
Highlights
Permafrost defines soil, rock or sediment that is frozen for more than two consecutive years [1], covering >25% of the land surface in the northern hemisphere [2]
Unique genes were detected as compared to other Nesterenkonia sp., further genes were detected in PF2B19inasPF2B19 compared to other Nesterenkonia sp., further highlighting highlighting the novelty of PF2B19 (Table 2)
It can be concluded that Nesterenkonia sp
Summary
Permafrost defines soil, rock or sediment that is frozen for more than two consecutive years [1], covering >25% of the land surface in the northern hemisphere [2]. For an organism to survive and grow in such extreme niches, it should harbor genes encoding enzymes involved in regulation of DNA replication, transcription, translation and membrane fluidity at low temperatures and other stress combative mechanisms. The microorganisms harboring such harsh microenvironments have evolved certain adaptive features to combat various cold environment-related stresses such as cold stress, oxidative stress, osmotic stress, low nutrient availability, etc. Reports suggest that some of the Nesterenkonia strains are associated with extreme environments underlining their importance as sources of industrially important cold active enzymes [20]. We attempted, by means of genome sequencing of this strain, to unravel the molecular machineries associated with cold adaptation and to identify industrially important cold-active enzymes
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