Abstract
We determined the whole genome sequences of three bacterial strains, designated as FNDCR1, FNDCF1, and FNDCR2, isolated from a practical nata-de-coco producing bacterial culture. Only FNDCR1 and FNDCR2 strains had the ability to produce cellulose. The 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains belonged to the Komagataeibacter genus but belonged to a different clade within the genus. Comparative genomic analysis revealed cross-strain distribution of duplicated sequences in Komagataeibacter genomes. It is particularly interesting that FNDCR1 has many duplicated sequences within the genome independently of the phylogenetic clade, suggesting that these duplications might have been obtained specifically for this strain. Analysis of the cellulose biosynthesis operon of the three determined strain genomes indicated that several cellulose synthesis-related genes, which are present in FNDCR1 and FNDCR2, were lost in the FNDCF1 strain. These findings reveal important genetic insights into practical nata de coco-producing bacteria that can be used in food development. Furthermore, our results also shed light on the variation in their cellulose-producing abilities and illustrate why genetic traits are unstable for Komagataeibacter and Komagataeibacter-related acetic acid bacteria.
Highlights
IntroductionBacterial cells are often entrapped in the cellulose fiber, forming pellicle at the air–liquid interface
To identify the taxonomy and to investigate cellulose biosynthesis mechanisms of the present strains, the genome sequences were obtained with shotgun sequencing
The genetic instability of Komagataeibacter bacteria at least partly derives from the presence of the exceptionally huge number of mobile genetic elements on the genomes (Azuma et al, 2009; Zhang et al, 2017)
Summary
Bacterial cells are often entrapped in the cellulose fiber, forming pellicle at the air–liquid interface. Depending on the bacterial strain and culture conditions, cells consume as much as 10% of the total energy budget for cellulose biosynthesis (Ross et al, 1991; Chawla et al, 2009). The reason for forming pellicle remains controversial, bacterial cells in the pellicle might be able to yield oxygen more efficiently than planktonic cells in liquid (Lee et al, 2014). Bacterial cellulose is expected to offer great potential for use in biomedical and food industries because of its high water-holding capacity, ultrafine network structure, biocompatibility, and high tensile strength in a wet state (Londrina et al, 2018).
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