Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a malignancy arising from the mesothelial cells lining the thoracic and abdominal serosal cavities. The pleural space is the most commonly affected site, accounting for about 80% of cases, while peritoneum makes up the majority of the remaining 20%. The different types of mesotheliomas are generally considered as distinct diseases with specific risk factors, therapeutic strategies and prognoses. Epidemiological and clinical differences between pleural and peritoneal MM raise questions about the involvement of different molecular mechanisms. Since the BAP1 gene is involved in the BAP1 cancer syndrome and seems to be a prognostic factor in MM, this review presents an overview of BAP1 alterations in mesothelioma comparing pleural and peritoneal localizations.
Highlights
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease that results from unregulated proliferation of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities
Since the BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) gene is involved in the BAP1 cancer syndrome and seems to be a prognostic factor in MM, this review presents an overview of BAP1 alterations in mesothelioma comparing pleural and peritoneal localizations
The molecular pathogenesis of MM is mostly derived from descriptions of pleural MM
Summary
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease that results from unregulated proliferation of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities. Localized MMs are rare and appear as solitary circumscribed nodular tumors, attached either in a sessile or pedunculated manner to the surface of the pleura or peritoneum. By definition, localized and diffuse MMs are histologically and Histologically, according to the 2015 WHO classification [4], MM can be categorized into epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic subtypes. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumors have mainly been observed in the pleura, which is why they were excluded from this review. Differences of incidence have been observed for each histological subtype depending on MM location. Sarcomatoid and biphasic mesotheliomas are very rare in peritoneal MMs, while they represent 20–25% of pleural MMs [4]
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