Abstract
Comparative ontogenetic study of the shoot apices and floral primordia of Viola odorata revealed significant differences between the dimorphic flowers in this cleistogamous (CL) species. Both the shoot apices and floral primordia of plants in the chasmogamous (CH) phase are larger than those in the CL phase. Form divergence occurs at petal initiation, and by the time of meiosis in the anthers, the CH flower is considerably larger in size. Mature CL flowers exhibit morphological modifications of the anterior petal spur, repressed growth of the staminal nectaries, and a recurving of the style which remains enclosed within the cone formed by five terminal anther caps. Pollination in the CL flower occurs as a result of pollen tubes penetrating the wall of an undehisced anther sac and growing to the stigmatic cavity nearby.
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