Abstract
We prepared acetic acid derivatives using three different frameworks, calix[4]arene, alkenyltrimethylol, and trihydroxytriphenylmethane, which differ in the number and size of their coordination sites. We further investigated the extraction properties for aluminum group metal ions. All three extraction reagents exhibited increased extraction compared with the corresponding monomeric compounds, owing to structural effects. The extraction reaction and extraction equilibrium constants were determined using a slope analysis. Their extraction abilities, separation efficiencies, and potential coordination modes are discussed using the extraction equilibrium constants, half-pH values, and spectroscopic data. The calix[4]arene and trihydroxytriphenylmethane derivatives demonstrated allosteric co-extraction of indium ions (In3+) with an unexpected stoichiometry of 1:2.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
To investigate the size discrimination for a series of homologous metal ions, a well-considered research strategy is required, and the data systematically collected for ionophores of different sizes must be compared in order to contribute to future molecular designs for more effective metal separation
Our group has synthesized various extraction reagents based on different framework types, namely calix[4]arenes [15,18,19], “trident” molecules as alkenyltrimethylols [16,19,20,21,22], and 2,20,200 -trihydroxytriphenylmethane [23]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Our group has synthesized various extraction reagents based on different framework types, namely calix[4]arenes [15,18,19], “trident” molecules as alkenyltrimethylols [16,19,20,21,22], and 2,20 ,200 -trihydroxytriphenylmethane [23] These frameworks provide unique properties for the synthesis of their derivatives and for metal extraction (Table 1). We employed the acetic acid derivatives of three different frameworks, namely a tetraacetic acid derivative of calix[4]arene, a triacetic acid derivative of nonenyltrimetylol, and a triacetic acid derivative of 2,20 ,2”-trihydroxytriphenylmethane, to investigate the extraction and separation of trivalent aluminum group metal ions.
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