Comparative evaluation of XCO2 concentration among climate types within India region using OCO-2 signatures

Abstract

The XCO2 concentration across climate type remains largely unexplored. This paper examined carbon concentration across climate types in India using Level 2 data (378,050 sample points) of column-averaged CO2 concentrations (XCO2) that were collected from the orbiting carbon observatory (OCO-2) in September 2014 to August 2015. Temperate climate ranks first among climate types in terms of energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to continued intensive urbanization. However, urbanization in temperate climate was not the most important predictor of higher XCO2 concentration in India. On the contrary, the annual XCO2 mean concentration in tropical climate was higher than annual XCO2 mean concentration in temperate climate. In contrast to the typical theory, temperate climate were not a dominant determining factor upon dense XCO2 concentration. A clear verification has been made for the typical theory for CO2 concentration increased across global urbanization. The individual climate types are found to be more appropriate in explaining global CO2 concentration, rather than urban location. It was demonstrated that the climate types could be used effectively as an indicator to global CO2 concentrations since the OCO-2 signature of 378,050 sample points can present objective area-wide evidences as a basis for regional climate comparisons. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to a strong theoretical basis to compare carbon concentrations across climate types.