Abstract
Various analytical techniques for detecting mycotoxins have been developed in order to control their concentration in food and feed. Conventional analytical approaches for mycotoxin identification include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). Rapid methods for mycotoxin analysis are also becoming increasingly relevant. One of the most common rapid methods for determining these compounds is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The current study aimed to compare three available ELISA kits for the detection and quantification of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in spiked feed samples at known quantities. All three ELISA kits were validated and showed good performance with high recovery rates and LOD and LOQ values lower than the MRL. The developed HPLC-FL method was validated for all the compounds determining the accuracy, precision, linearity, decision limit, and detection capability with fairly good results. Unknown feed samples (corn, silage, pellet, barley, wheat, soya, and sunflower) were also tested using the best ELISA kit and HPLC, and the results were compared. Both ELISA and HPLC were proven to be suitable methods for mycotoxin analysis. The analytical technique should be determined primarily by the availability and number of samples.
Highlights
One-fourth of the world’s crop is considered to be contaminated by mycotoxins during growth or storage, according to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1,2]
Three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were selected for the detection of the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in feed: (A) ELISA AgraQuant Total Aflatoxin 1/20, Romer Labs Singapore Pte
The resulting equations were later used to calculate the concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in the spiked samples
Summary
One-fourth of the world’s crop is considered to be contaminated by mycotoxins during growth or storage, according to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1,2]. Five major groups of mycotoxins have been described, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxin, and deoxynivalenol [4]. Among these groups of mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and are known to contaminate a wide variety of foods and feeds such as maize, peanuts, cereals, groundnuts, dried fruits, meat, and milk-based products [5–7]. Aflatoxins are genotoxic carcinogens that are mainly synthesized by two fungal species: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungal species usually grow in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is warm and humid [8,9]. The four most important aflatoxins are aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , called AFB1, AFB2, AFGl, and AFG2
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