Abstract
Abstract In this study, we compared the cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical diagnoses of 71 canine cutaneous and subcutaneous masses. Cytological diagnoses included 56 tumors (21 mesenchymal, 15 epithelial, 16 round cell, four melanocytic), 13 inflammatory reactions, and two cysts. Of the 21 cytologically diagnosed mesenchymal tumors, three were later confirmed non-tumoral (hematoma, granulation tissue, fibroepithelial polyp). Thirteen out of 15 epithelial tumors were correctly diagnosed cytologically, whereas two cases were confirmed to be non-tumoral (fibroepithelial polyp, granulation tissue) after histopathological examination. One mast cell tumor was later confirmed as fibrous hyperplasia; diagnoses were correct in other round cell tumors. Cytological diagnoses were correct for all melanocytic tumors and cystic lesions. Five cases which had been cytologically diagnosed as inflammatory reactions were diagnosed as tumors (lymphoma, papilloma, sebaceous adenoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) after histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the histopathological diagnoses of all epithelial and round cell tumors, while the diagnoses of six mesenchymal tumors were changed after the immunohistochemical examination. The total accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of tumoral/non-tumoral masses was 84.5%, and the accuracy in the determination of benign/malignant behavior was 83%. Diagnostic accordance between histopathology and immunohistochemistry was 86.6%. High success rates obtained with cytological diagnoses prove that cytology is a reliable diagnostic tool. The main diagnostic challenge remains with mesenchymal tumors and tumors accompanied by inflammatory reactions. The results suggest that immunohistochemistry is fundamental for diagnoses of most mesenchymal tumors.
Highlights
Cytology is a labor- and cost-effective method that yields results in a very brief time compared to histopathology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneousActa Veterinaria-Beograd 2021, 71 (1), 61-84 masses [1,2,3]
Since the tissue structure is not observed in cytology, histopathology remains an integral part of the diagnosis [3]
The accuracy rate has ranged between 70.5-91% in studies evaluating the reliability of cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous masses [8,9,10,12,13]
Summary
Cytology is a labor- and cost-effective method that yields results in a very brief time compared to histopathology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneousActa Veterinaria-Beograd 2021, 71 (1), 61-84 masses [1,2,3]. Cytology is a labor- and cost-effective method that yields results in a very brief time compared to histopathology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous. Numerous studies have been carried out to compare the cytological and histopathological diagnoses of both healthy and abnormal structures in humans [4,5,6,7] and in animals [812]. The accuracy rate has ranged between 70.5-91% in studies evaluating the reliability of cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous masses [8,9,10,12,13]. We compared the cytological diagnoses of 71 cutaneous and subcutaneous masses with histopathological and (in some cases) immunohistochemical examination results. The predictive value of cytology for the differentiation of tumoural/nontumoural masses and benign/malignant nature was evaluated
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