Abstract
The hypoglycemic effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of whole parts of Cassia fistula in both normoglycemic and streptozotocin‐nictotinamide induced Type 2 diabetic rats were investigated. Acute toxicity, oral glucose tolerance test and glucose uptake in isolated rat hemidiaphragm were performed in normal rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by the administration of streptozotocin‐nictotinamide (50, 110 mg/kg b.w., resp.) intraperitoneally. Different extracts of Cassia was administered to diabetic rats at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses for 21 days. Biochemical parameters like blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and serum marker enzymes were determined. The methanolic extract of the bark and leaves were show more effective in causing hypoglycemia in normoglycemic rats. Diabetic rats showed increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, reduced levels of plasma insulin, were significantly reverted to near normal after oral administration of the bark and leaf methanolic extracts. Glucose uptake studies in isolated rat hemidiaphragm have shown enhanced peripheral utilization of glucose. Chronic treatment of Cassia remarkably restored the normal status of the histopathological changes observed in the selected tissues. Dose dependent anti‐diabetic effects with the cohorts receiving the methanolic extract of bark followed by leaves of Cassia was revealed.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM), caused by inherited and/or acquired de ciency or inadequate secretion of hormone insulin (type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) or due to a an inadequate response of target cells to insulin (type II or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)), or by a combination of these factors culminating in hyperglycemia is, a disease as old as mankind [1]
Preparation of Plant Extracts. e plant materials were shade dried and pulverized in mechanical mill. e appropriate dried powdered plant materials (1 kg) were successively extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol by soxhlet apparatus and with double distilled water (500 mL each) by re ux. e extracts were evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator, under reduced pressure at 40∘C. e extracts are as follows: bark methanol extract (BME), bark aqueous extract (BAE), leaf methanol extract (LME), leaf aqueous extract (LAE), ower methanol extract (FME), ower aqueous extract (FAE), pods methanolic extract (PME), and pods aqueous extract (PAE). e extracts were stored at 4∘C and used for further investigation
Oral hypoglycemic agents/insulin are the mainstay of treatment of DM and are effective in controlling hyperglycemia, they have prominent side effects and fail to signi cantly alter the course DM complications [23]. e management efforts of hyperglycemia and the associated complications are labor intensive and challenging to both patients and the physicians
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM), caused by inherited and/or acquired de ciency or inadequate secretion of hormone insulin (type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) or due to a an inadequate response of target cells to insulin (type II or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)), or by a combination of these factors culminating in hyperglycemia is, a disease as old as mankind [1]. The chronic nature of the disease and the associated complications require regular treatment and incur huge nancial expenditure on the family and the healthcare system. One of the best approaches in identifying novel antidiabetic agents is to scienti cally investigate the e cacy of medicinal plants recognized to be effective in the various traditional system of medicine [2]. Cassia stula Linn commonly known as “golden shower” and belonging to Leguminosae family is one such plant reported to be effective as an antidiabetic agent in the various folk systems of medicine [3]. Almost all parts of the plants are of medicinal use in the various folk system of medicine in Southeast Asia, and scienti c studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal observations. Preclinical studies have shown that the extract of owers, leaves, Journal of Chemistry
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