Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease and an economically important infection of humans and livestock with a worldwide distribution. The main mode of transmission of this disease to humans is through the consumption of infected milk, milk products, and uncooked or raw meat. The present study was designed to prepare few native antigens, that is, sonicated antigen (SA), cell envelope (CE) antigen, and freeze and thaw (FT) antigen from Brucella abortus S99 culture and to test them in a highly sensitive and specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) in both a microtiter plate and a dot-blot format for the development of field-based diagnosis. All 50 suspected bovine samples were tested by plate as well as in dot ELISA formats for all the three antigens prepared. The CE antigen was found to be more suitable as it had the maximum agreement with the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test results followed by the SA and the least agreement was found with that of the FT antigen. This detection system in microtiter plates and a dot-blot format will be useful for the rapid screening of samples for the disease surveillance and routine diagnosis.
Highlights
Brucellosis is one of the world’s major emerging zoonosis, caused by gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative (Edgardo et al, 2002) intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella and can be transferred from animal to humans (Christopher, 2004)
The prepared all three antigens reacted with the sera samples that are positive to Brucella antibodies as several bands were found to react with the major protein bands in the blots (Figure 2 shows the immunoblot analysis of cell envelope (CE) antigen)
The results showed that the CE antigen provided better results in comparison with Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and picked up more positive samples among the negative samples as plate Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is known to be more sensitive than RBPT (Table 2)
Summary
Brucellosis is one of the world’s major emerging zoonosis, caused by gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative (Edgardo et al, 2002) intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella and can be transferred from animal to humans (Christopher, 2004). Human brucellosis is a severe debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment with the use of several antibiotics. It may affect any organ and that reinforces the importance of brucellosis in differential diagnosis in endemic areas (Pappas et al, 2005). This disease remains an uncontrolled problem mostly in highly endemic regions such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, including India (Lopez, 1989; Corbel, 1997; Refai, 2002). Brucellosis is known as Mediterranean fever, Malta fever, Gibraltar fever, Cyprus fever, Undulant fever, typhomalarial fever, intermittent typhoid, Bang’s disease in cattle, contagious abortion, infection abortion, and epizootic abortion
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