Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Zenith Position in Maxillary Incisors in Males and Females of Uttarakhand Population

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: The entire appearance of face can be virtually transformed in an instant with a smile makeover. One of the most important parameters of clinical importance for gingival morphology is the gingival zenith. Therefore, the aim of the study was the evaluation and establishment of the gingival zenith position (GZP) from the vertical bisecting midline (VBM) axis of each maxillary incisor and the influence of gender on these parameters under healthy conditions. Materials and Methods: Frontal intraoral photographs of 200 young individuals (100 males and 100 females) 14–17 years old with healthy gingiva were randomly selected from Uttarakhand population. Their intraoral soft-tissue landmarks were digitized for standardization using Digimizer Image Analysis (6.3.0). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (22.0.0). We used descriptive statistics to find the mean GZPs. Comparison of mean GZP between males and females was done using Mann–Whitney U-test and comparison of GZP of different tooth types was done employing the Chi-squared test. Significance fixed at P < 0.005. Results: For central incisors, mean GZP was 0.77 ± 0.39 mm for males and 0.91 ± 0.42 mm for females, for lateral incisors, 0.48 ± 0.25 mm for males and 0.54 ± 0.31 mm for females. No statistically significant differences were seen between the mean GZP of left central and left and right lateral incisors in male and female populations (P > 0.005). However, statistically significant differences were seen in the mean GZP of right central incisors between males and females (P < 0.005). The mean GZP distance of right central incisors in females was more statistically significant than in males.