Abstract
Introduction: During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; whichmust be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces.Objective: To investigate static and kinetic frictional resistance between three orthodontic brackets: ceramic, self-ligating, andstainless steel, and three 0.019×0.025” archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum.Materials & Method: The in vitro study compared the effects of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium archwires onfrictional forces of three orthodontic bracket systems: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel brackets. All brackets had 0.022”slots, and the wires were 0.019×0.025”. Friction was evaluated in a simulated half-arch fixed appliance on a testing machine. Thestatic and kinetic friction data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Duncan multiple rangetest.Result: Self-ligating (Damon) brackets generated significantly lower static and kinetic frictional forces than stainless steel (Gemini)and ceramic brackets (Clarity). Among the archwire materials, Beta-titanium showed the maximum amount of frictional forceand stainless steel archwires had the lowest frictional force.Conclusion: The static and kinetic frictional force for stainless steel bracket was lowest in every combination of wire.
Highlights
During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; which must be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces
Friction is an important factor in sliding mechanics; friction is encountered during retraction of teeth into extraction area, active torque, leveling and alignment when the archwire must slide through bracket slots and tubes.[2,3,4]
It means that the force to move a tooth via a bracket relative to a wire results in friction localized at bracket wire interface that may prevent the attainment of an optimal force in the supporting tissue
Summary
Frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; which must be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces. Objective: To investigate static and kinetic frictional resistance between three orthodontic brackets: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel, and three 0.019×0.025” archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum. Materials & Method: The in vitro study compared the effects of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium archwires on frictional forces of three orthodontic bracket systems: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel brackets. The static friction between archwire and bracket must be overcome to initiate tooth movement, after, while the tooth is moving, dynamic friction occurs as the archwire in the direction of the applied force, as it is guided through the bracket slots.[5] So the present study was conducted to evaluate the static and kinetic frictional forces of different type of brackets (stainless steel, ceramic and self-ligating) with different archwire systems (stainless steel, NiTi and BetaTitanium or TMA) and to compare the static and kinetic frictional forces between the different archwire and bracket combination
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