Comparative Evaluation of Esthetic and Structural Aspects in Class II Functional Therapy. A Case-Control Retrospective Study.

Gabriella Galluccio,Diana Jamshir,Ersilia Barbato,Alessandra Impellizzeri,Rosanna Guarnieri,Gaetano Ierardo

doi:10.3390/ijerph18136978

Gabriella Galluccio, Diana Jamshir + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136978

Copy DOI

Abstract

Background: To compare the skeletal, dental, and esthetic changes produced by three functional devices, Fränkel-2 appliance (FR-2), Twin Block (TB), and Occlus-o-Guide® (O-o-G®), for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Methods: Sixty-five patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were divided into three groups and were analyzed through cephalometric analysis of skeletal, dental, and esthetic variables before and after treatment. The first group of 23 patients (F: 9; M: 14; mean age: 10.3 ± 1.08 years) was treated with FR-2, the second group of 18 patients (F: 8; M: 10; mean age 10.7 ± 1.05 years) was treated with TB, the third group (F: 11; M: 13; mean age: 9.05 ± 0.39 years) of 24 patients was treated with O-o-G®. The structural effects of the three devices were compared with a control group generated by the growth variations reported in the cephalometric atlas of Bhatia and Leighton. Esthetic analysis was performed comparing the results of the patients treated with a control group of 20 subjects with mandibular retrognathia and Class II Division 1 malocclusion, not subjected to therapy. Results: The three devices resulted in a significant increase in mandibular length, with higher results obtained for FR-2 and TB. A statistically significant increase in the IMPA angle was found for the O-o-G® group, and a notable reduction of both overjet and overbite was detected in all three groups of treated patients. The esthetic evaluation showed overall more significant results in the TB group, especially with regard to the reduction of facial convexity. The retrusion of the upper lip was on average more significant in the O-o-G® group, followed by that in the TB. Conclusions: All three devices have proven to be effective overall in resolving skeletal changes and improving facial esthetics.

Highlights

Class II malocclusions represent a condition frequently found in the population and in orthodontic practice [1]
The data concerning the significance of the differences in the variables considered between the time T2 and T1 are summarized in Tables 3–5, respectively, for the functional equipment Fränkel-2 appliance (FR-2), Twin Block (TB), and O-o-G®
We found an increase in the anterior facial height, especially in patients treated with TB and with FR-2, but the proportion between the lower and total anterior facial height was not affected by the treatment

Summary

Introduction

Class II malocclusions represent a condition frequently found in the population and in orthodontic practice [1]. Subjects suffering from Class II Division I malocclusion are generally characterized by facial convexity, increased overjet, labial incompetence, and often an unattractive facial profile that could induce the subject to not have a satisfactory self-image. Such esthetic defects often cause negative emotional impact in the growing child and could hinder the establishment of interpersonal relationships [2,3,4,5]. Methods: Sixty-five patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were divided into three groups and were analyzed through cephalometric analysis of skeletal, dental, and esthetic variables before and after treatment. Conclusions: All three devices have proven to be effective overall in resolving skeletal changes and improving facial esthetics

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion