Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of primaquine sustained-release tablets v/s primaquine conventional tablets in Treatment and prevention of relapse of plasmodium vivax malaria

Abstract

Background: Malaria is one of the most important parasitic disease of human. In India 60-65% of infections are due to P.vivax and 35-40% are due to P.falciparum Malaria is an acute, recurrent and sometimes chronic vector borne protozoan disease which has worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions The role of Primaquine is well established in the prevention of relapse of P.vivax malaria. Primaquine has a narrow therapeutic range and short half-life that requires daily administration upto 2 weeks, resulting in poor compliance Methods: Randomized control trial, which involved 100 patients of P.vivax Malaria Patient in medical ward of mahatma Gandhi hospital attached to S N medical college ’Jodhpur. All patient in this study received chloroquine for 3 days (10mg of base per kg followed by 5mg /kg 6-8 hours later and 5 mg/kg on each of the two days, total 25mg/kg over 3days and divided in three groups viz.Group 1 taken Primaquine 15 mg tab for 14 days (n=34), Group 2 taken Primaquine 15 mg SR tab for 14 days (n=33),Group 3 taken Primaquine 30 mg SR tab for 7 days and placebo for next 7 days. Results: In this study, Efficacy and compliance of Primaquine 30 mg SR for 7 days was found greater than the conventional Primaquine tab. and Primaquine 15 mg SR tab for 14 day. Adverse effect of primaquine 30 mg SR tab for 7 days was found lesser than conventional Primaquine tab 15 mg as well as Primaquine 15 mg SR tab. Conclusions: As Malaria is very prevalent in India which causes significant mortality and morbidity in Indian population. Use of Primaquine 30 mg SR tab has good compliance, efficacy as well as lesser adverse effect.