Abstract
This paper examines the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from edible oil source (palm) and non-edible oil source (Jatropha) and compared that with fossil diesel fuel. Only 20% palm and 20% Jatropha biodiesel (described by PB20 and JB20 respectively) were examined because it has been suggested by the commercial company that up to 20% biodiesel can be used in a diesel engine without any engine modification. The physical and chemical properties of PB20 & JB20 are also presented and compared with diesel fuel (B0). The performance of these fuels and their emissions were measured in a multi-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds and at full load condition. The test results indicated that both PB20 and JB20 fuels produces slightly lower brake powers and higher brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel. Engine emission results indicated that the PB20 and JB20 fuel reduces the average emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). However, the PB20 and JB20 fuels slightly increases nitric oxides (NO) emissions compared to diesel fuel. Although PB20 have slightly better emission performance than JB20 biodiesel, JB20 biodiesel should be used in unmodified diesel engines to meet the global energy demand and to reduce emissions into the atmosphere because it does not create food versus fuel conflict.
Highlights
Transportation system has a great importance for social and economic development of any country
The rising issue for transportation sector is the energy, which is mainly fulfilled by gasoline and diesel fuel
The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts that the emissions of CO2 from transport sector will increase by 92% between 1990 and 2020 [3]
Summary
Transportation system has a great importance for social and economic development of any country. There are about 22% global GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions come from the transportation sector due the increasing demand of vehicles. It is very urgent to find out alternative fuels for transportation sector as this sector is emitting higher GHG emission and contributing to the rapid growth of global oil demand [4]. Many research projects around the world are conducted to ensure the effectiveness of biodiesel addressing these problems including the utilization of biodiesel and by product of bio-diesel (glycerol) [9] In this investigation, a comparison of engine performances (power, fuel consumption) and emissions (unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide) of diesel engine using two different bio-diesels namely PB20 and JB20 and diesel fuel is performed. ASTM D445 ASTM D445 ASTM D1298 N/A ASTM D6371 ASTM D2500 ASTM D97 ASTM D93 ASTM D240 ASTM D664
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