Comparative Evaluation of Different Local Spices on Hepatic Functions in Male Mice Exposed to Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Abstract

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of different spices on hepatic function in male mice exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT).
 Experimental design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal house, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E. This study lasted for 35days. 
 Methodology: Forty-two male mice were randomly selected into six (6) groups A-F (n=7/group). Group B were gavage Cyhalothin (LCT) alone. Group C, D, and E were gavaged 10mg/kg/bw of LCT and 20mg/kg/bw/day of aqueous extract of Tetrepleura tetraptera, Piper guineense, and Xylopia aethiopicae respectively, while group F received 10mg/kg/bw of LCT together with the combination of the three spices. Vital organs were removed and weighed for organosomatic indices. Blood samples were collected by ocular puncture and analysis for liver biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes carried out. Vital organs were removed and weighed for organosomatic indices. Histological sections of the liver were mounted on slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Photomicrographs were generated.
 Results: Results show a significant (p=0.05) increase in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration in mice exposed to lambda cyhalothrin alone but a significant decrease observed in groups coadministered the spices. Also the level of all enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) considered decreased in group with lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) alone while there was significant (p=0.05) increase in groups coadministered Tetrapleura tetraptera, Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica. Liver photomicrograph of animals exposed to lambda cyhalothrin alone shows lymphocyte infiltration in the portal vein while fewer lesions and regenerating hepatocytes were observed in groups coadministered the different local spices. It is concluded therefore that lambda Cyhalothrin induces liver injury and oxidative stress in the exposed mice. All the spices used in this study have significant antioxidant activity against liver injury due to their free radical scavenging potential although the efficacy is highest in combination of spices> Tetrapleura teraptera> Piper guineense > Xylopia aethiopica. For efficacy, individuals may use the combination of all spices, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Piper guineense and small doses of Xylopia aethiopica singly as an antioxidant supplement to counter the toxic effect of insecticides exposure.